【Ray Tracing from Ground Up】光源(Lights)

1. 环境光照

"Images rendered with only ambient illumiation show all surfaces with constant colors" 入射光线，环境光(Ambient Light)给那些有漫反射(diffuse-reflction)材质提供亮度(part of the reflected radiance). 环境光照射的所有面可以有不同的 反射颜色(c)和反射率(l)。反射光线方程如下

              

2.平行光

没有光源位置，同一方向的平行光线。p受光点的亮度可以表示如下：wi 是p点的立体角

3. 点光源

     

点光源是虚拟的没有表面积，所有的实际光源都是有表面积的。但是因为简洁的辉度表示，在实际中还是常使用。

implementation

1. 环境光

EnvironmentLight::EnvironmentLight(void)
	: 	Light(),
		sampler_ptr(NULL),
		material_ptr(NULL),
		u(), v(), w(),
		wi()
{}	

// --------------------------------------------------------------- get_direction

Vector3D
EnvironmentLight::get_direction(ShadeRec& sr) {

	w = sr.normal;
	v = Vector3D(0.0034, 1, 0.0071) ^ w;
	v.normalize();
	u = v ^ w;
	Point3D sp = sampler_ptr->sample_hemisphere();
	wi = sp.x * u + sp.y * v + sp.z * w;

	return (wi);
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------- L

RGBColor
EnvironmentLight::L(ShadeRec& sr) {
	return (material_ptr->get_Le(sr));
}


// ---------------------------------------------------------------- pdf
// The following function is not in the book.
// It uses Equation 18.6
float
EnvironmentLight::pdf(const ShadeRec& sr) const {

	return (sr.normal * wi * invPI);
}

2. 平行光

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- get_direction
// as this function is virtual, it shouldn't be inlined 

Vector3D
Directional::get_direction(ShadeRec& sr) {
	return (dir);
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------  L

RGBColor
Directional::L(ShadeRec& s) {
	return (ls * color);
}

3.点光源

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- get_direction

Vector3D
PointLight::get_direction(ShadeRec& sr) {
	return ((location - sr.hit_point).hat());
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- L

RGBColor
PointLight::L(ShadeRec& sr) {
	return (ls * color);
}