资料整理——Oracle基本概念、术语（Glossary from Oracle Concepts）——第三部分

一边整理资料，一边学习这些基本概念，这时间花的值。

概念	中文	描述
commit	提交	Action that ends a database transaction and makes permanent all changes performed in the transaction.
commit cleanout	提交清除	The automatic removal of lock-related transaction information (ITL entry) from the blocks after a commit. The database removes the ITL entry only if modified blocks containing data from the committed transaction are still in the SGA, and if no other session is modifying them.
common role	普通角色	A role that exists in all containers in a multitenant container database (CDB).
common user	普通用户	In a multitenant container database (CDB), a database user that exists with the same identity in every existing and future PDB.
complete refresh	完整刷新	An execution of the query that defines a materialized view. A complete refresh occurs when you initially create the materialized view, unless the materialized view references a prebuilt table, or you define the table as BUILD DEFERRED.
composite database operation	复合数据库操作	Activity between two points in time in a single database session.
composite index	复合索引	An index on multiple columns in a table.
composite partitioning	复合分区	A partitioning strategy in which a table is partitioned by one data distribution method and then each partition is further divided into subpartitions using a second data distribution method.
composite unique key	复合唯一键	A set of two or more columns with a unique key constraint.
compound trigger	复合触发器	A trigger can that can fire at multiple timing points. For example, a compound trigger might fire both before and after the triggering statement.
compression unit	压缩单元	In Hybrid Columnar Compression, a logical construct that stores a set of rows. When you load data into a table, the database stores groups of rows in columnar format, with the values for each column stored and compressed together. After the database has compressed the column data for a set of rows, the database fits the data into the compression unit.
concatenated index	连接索引（同复合索引）	See composite index.
condition	条件	The combination of one or more expressions and logical operators in a SQL statement that returns a value of TRUE, FALSE, or UNKNOWN. For example, the condition 1=1 always evaluates to TRUE.
conflicting write	写冲突	In a read committed transaction, an situation that occurs when the transaction attempts to change a row updated by an uncommitted concurrent transaction.
connection	数据库连接	Communication pathway between a client process and an Oracle database instance. See also session.
connection pooling	连接池	A resource utilization and user scalability feature that maximizes the number of sessions over a limited number of protocol connections to a shared server.
consistent backup	一致备份	A whole database backup that you can open with the RESETLOGS option without performing media recovery. By its nature, a consistent backup of the whole database does not require the application of redo to be made consistent. See also inconsistent backup.
consistent read get	一致读get	The retrieval of a version of a block in the database buffer cache that is consistent to a specific SCN (part of read consistency). If the database needs a block to satisfy a query, and if no block in the database buffer cache is consistent to the correct SCN, then the database attempts to obtain the correct version of the block from undo data.
container	容器	In a multitenant container database (CDB), either the root or a PDB.
container data object	容器数据对象	In a CDB, a table or view containing data pertaining to multiple containers and possibly the CDB as a whole, along with mechanisms to restrict data visible to specific common users through such objects to one or more containers. Examples of container data objects are Oracle-supplied views whose names begin with V$ and CDB_.
context	数据库上下文	A set of application-defined attributes that validates and secures an application. The SQL statement CREATE CONTEXT creates namespaces for contexts.
control file	控制文件	A binary file that records the physical structure of a database and contains the names and locations of redo log files, the time stamp of the database creation, the current log sequence number, checkpoint information, and so on.
cross-container operation	跨容器操作	In a CDB, a DDL statement that affects the CDB itself, multiple containers, multiple common users or roles, or a container other than the one to which the user is connected. Only a common user connected to the root can perform cross-container operations.
cube	数据立方体(cube)	An organization of measures with identical dimensions and other shared characteristics. The edges of the cube contain the dimension members, whereas the body of the cube contains the data values.
current mode get	获取当前模式	The retrieval of the version of a data block as it exists right now in the buffer cache, without using read consistency. Only one version of a block exists in current mode at any one time.
current online redo log file	当前在线重做日志文件	The online redo log file to which the log writer (LGWR) process is actively writing.
cursor	游标（私有SQL区名）	A handle or name for a private SQL area in the PGA. Because cursors are closely associated with private SQL areas, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably.
data block	数据块	Smallest logical unit of data storage in Oracle Database. Other names for data blocks include Oracle blocks or pages. One data block corresponds to a specific number of bytes of physical space on disk. See also extent; segment.
data concurrency	并发数据访问	Simultaneous access of the same data by many users. A multiuser database management system must provide adequate concurrency controls so that data cannot be updated or changed improperly, compromising data integrity. See also data consistency.
data consistency	数据一致性	A consistent view of the data by each user in a multiuser database. See also data concurrency.
data corruption	数据损坏	An error that occurs when a hardware, software, or network component causes corrupt data to be read or written.
data dictionary	数据字典	A read-only collection of database tables and views containing reference information about the database, its structures, and its users.
data dictionary cache	数据字典缓存	A memory area in the shared pool that holds data dictionary information. The data dictionary cache is also known as the row cache because it holds data as rows instead of buffers, which hold entire data blocks.
data dictionary (DDL) lock	数据字典（DDL）锁定	A lock that protects the definition of a schema object while an ongoing DDL operation acts on or refers to the object. Oracle Database acquires a DDL lock automatically on behalf of any DDL transaction requiring it. Users cannot explicitly request DDL locks.
data dictionary view	数据字典视图	A predefined view of tables or other views in the data dictionary. Data dictionary views begin with the prefix DBA_, ALL_, or USER_.
data file	数据文件	A physical file on disk that was created by Oracle Database and contains the data for a database. The data files can be located either in an operating system file system or Oracle ASM disk group.
data integrity	数据完整性	Business rules that dictate the standards for acceptable data. These rules are applied to a database by using integrity constraints and triggers to prevent invalid data entry.
data mining	数据挖掘	The automated search of large stores of data for patterns and trends that transcend simple analysis.
Data Recovery Advisor	数据恢复Advisor	An Oracle Database infrastructure that automatically diagnoses persistent data failures, presents repair options to the user, and executes repairs at the user's request.
data segment	数据段	The segment containing the data for a nonclustered table, table partition, or table cluster. See also extent.