资料整理——Oracle基本概念、术语（Glossary from Oracle Concepts）——第十部分

理论学习固然重要，但实践更为重要。

Oracle Clusterware	Oracle Clusterware（集群软件）	A set of components that enables servers to operate together as if they were one server. Oracle Clusterware is a requirement for using Oracle RAC and it is the only clusterware that you need for platforms on which Oracle RAC operates.
Oracle Connection Manager	Oracle连接管理程序	A router through which a client connection request may be sent either to its next hop or directly to the database server.
Oracle database	Oracle数据库	A set of files, located on disk, that store data. Because a database instance and a database are so closely connected, the term Oracle database is often used to refer to both instance and database.
Oracle Database Vault	Oracle数据库保险库	A database security feature that controls when, where, and how databases, data, and applications are accessed.
Oracle Data Redaction	Oracle数据校订	A feature of Oracle Advanced Security that enables you to mask (redact) data that is queried by low-privileged users or applications.
Oracle Developer Tools for Visual Studio .NET	Oracle Developer Tools（Visual Studio .NET适用）	A set of application tools integrated with the Visual Studio .NET environment. These tools provide GUI access to Oracle functionality, enable the user to perform a wide range of application development tasks, and improve development productivity and ease of use.
Oracle Enterprise Manager	Oracle Enterprise Manager	A system management tool that provides centralized management of an Oracle database environment.
Oracle Flashback Technology	Oracle闪回技术	A group of features that supports viewing past states of data, and winding data back and forth in time, without needing to restore backups.
Oracle Flex Clusters	Oracle Flex集群	A large cluster configured using Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters. These clusters contain two types of nodes arranged in a hub-and-spoke architecture: Hub Nodes and Leaf Nodes.
Oracle Globalization Development Kit (GDK)	GDK（Oracle全球化开发包）	A development toolkit that includes comprehensive programming APIs for both Java and PL/SQL, code samples, and documentation that address many of the design, development, and deployment issues encountered while creating global applications.
Oracle home	Oracle home	The operating system location of an Oracle Database installation.
Oracle JDeveloper	Oracle Jdeveloper	An integrated development environment (IDE) for building service-oriented applications using the latest industry standards for Java, XML, Web services, and SQL.
Oracle JVM	Oracle JVM	A standard, Java-compatible environment that runs any pure Java application.
Oracle Managed Files	Oracle管理文件	A database file naming strategy that enables database administrators to specify operations in terms of database objects rather than file names. Oracle Managed Files eliminates the need for administrators to directly manage the operating system files in a database.
Oracle Multimedia	Oracle多媒体技术	A technology that enables Oracle Database to store, manage, and retrieve images, DICOM format medical images and other objects, audio, video, or other heterogeneous media data in an integrated fashion with other enterprise information.
Oracle Multitenant	Oracle多租户	A database option that enables you to create multiple PDBs in a CDB.
Oracle Net	Oracle Net	Communication software that enables a network session between a client application and an Oracle database. After a network session is established, Oracle Net acts as a data courier for the client application and the database.
Oracle Net Listener	Oracle Net监听进程	A process that resides on the server whose responsibility is to listen for incoming client connection requests and manage the traffic to the server. When a client requests a network session with a database, Oracle Net Listener (typically called the listener) receives the request. If the client information matches the listener information, then the listener grants a connection to the database server.
Oracle Net Services	Oracle Net服务	A suite of networking components that provide enterprise-wide connectivity solutions in distributed, heterogeneous computing environments. Oracle Net Services includes Oracle Net, listener, Oracle Connection Manager, Oracle Net Configuration Assistant, and Oracle Net Manager.
Oracle process	Oracle进程	A unit of execution that runs the Oracle database code. The process execution architecture depends on the operating system. Oracle processes include server processes and background processes.
Oracle RAC (Oracle Real Application Clusters)	Oracle RAC（Oracle实时应用集群）	Option that allows multiple concurrent database instances to share a single physical database.
Oracle Spatial and Graph	Oracle空间及图表	A set of advanced features for spatial data and analysis and for physical, logical, network, and social and semantic graph applications. The spatial features provide a schema and functions that facilitate the storage, retrieval, update, and query of collections of spatial features in an Oracle database.
Oracle SQL	Oracle SQL	An implementation of the ANSI standard for SQL. Oracle SQL supports numerous features that extend beyond standard SQL.
Oracle Text (Text)	Oracle Text（全文本检索技术）	A full-text retrieval technology integrated with Oracle Database.
VPD (Oracle Virtual Private Database)	Oracle虚拟私有数据库	A security feature that enables you to create security policies to control database access at the row and column level. Essentially, VPD adds a dynamic WHERE clause to a SQL statement that is issued against the table, view, or synonym to which a VPD security policy was applied.
Oracle XA	Oracle外部接口	An external interface that allows global transactions to be coordinated by a transaction manager other than Oracle Database.
Oracle XML DB	Oracle XML数据库	A set of Oracle Database technologies related to high-performance XML manipulation, storage, and retrieval. Oracle XML DB provides native XML support by encompassing both SQL and XML data models in an interoperable manner.
XDK (Oracle XML Developer's Kit)	XDK (Oracle XML开发包)	A developer toolkit that contains the basic building blocks for reading, manipulating, transforming, and viewing XML documents, whether on a file system or in a database. APIs and tools are available for Java, C, and C++. The production Oracle XDK comes with a commercial redistribution license.
outer join	外连接	A join that returns all rows that satisfy the join condition and also returns some or all of those rows from one table for which no rows from the other satisfy the join condition.
parallel execution	并行执行	The application of multiple CPU and I/O resources to the execution of a single database operation.
parse lock	解析锁	A lock is held by a SQL statement or PL/SQL program unit for each schema object that it references. Parse locks are acquired so that the associated shared SQL area can be invalidated if a referenced object is altered or dropped.
partial index	部分索引	An index that is correlated with the indexing properties of an associated partitioned table.
partition	分区	A piece of a table or index that shares the same logical attributes as the other partitions. For example, all partitions in a table share the same column and constraint definitions. Each partition is an independent object with its own name and optionally its own storage characteristics.
partition elimination	分区排除	The exclusion of partitions from a query plan. Whether the optimizer can eliminate partitions from consideration depends on the query predicate. A query that uses a local prefixed index always allows for index partition elimination, whereas a query that uses a local nonprefixed index might not.
partition key	分区键	A set of one or more columns that determines the partition in which each row in a partitioned table should go. Each row is unambiguously assigned to a single partition.
partitioned index	分区索引	An index that is divided into smaller and more manageable pieces. Like partitioned tables, partitioned indexes improve manageability, availability, performance, and scalability.
partitioned table	分区表	A table that has one or more partitions, each of which is managed individually and can operate independently of the other partitions.
partitioning	分区	The ability to decompose very large tables and indexes into smaller and more manageable pieces called partitions.
PDB	可插拔数据库	In a multitenant container database (CDB), a portable collection of schemas, schema objects, and nonschema objects that appears to an Oracle Net client as a traditional Oracle database (non-CDB).
PDB administrator	PDB管理员	A database administrator who manages one or more PDBs. A CDB administrator manages the whole CDB.