资料整理——Oracle基本概念、术语（Glossary from Oracle Concepts）——第十一部分

“吾生也有涯，而知也无涯”，我觉得一个理想的知行合一模型是：理论学习=》知识水平提高=》实践、应用=》再学习...

这个模型就像一个具有正反馈的螺旋上升通道，写技术博客其实也算是其中的一个重要节点。

概念	中文	描述
PDB/non-CDB compatibility guarantee	PDB兼容性保证	In the multitenant architecture, the guarantee that a PDB behaves the same as a non-CDB as seen from a client connecting with Oracle Net.
permanent tablespace	永久表空间（与临时表相对）	A tablespace that contains persistent schema objects. Every tablespace that is not a temporary tablespace is a permanent tablespace.
PGA (Program global area)	PGA (程序全局区)	A memory buffer that contains data and control information for a server process. See also SGA.
physical guess	物理推测	The physical rowid of an index entry when it was first made. Oracle Database can use physical guesses to probe directly into the leaf block of any index-organized table, bypassing the primary key search.
plan generator	计划生成程序	The part of the optimizer that tries different access paths, join methods, and join orders for a given query block to find the plan with the lowest cost.
PL/SQL (Procedural Language/SQL)	PL/SQL	The Oracle Database procedural language extension to SQL. PL/SQL enables you to mix SQL statements with programmatic constructs such as procedures, functions, and packages.
PL/SQL anonymous block	PL/SQL匿名块	A PL/SQL block that appears in an application, but is not named or stored in the database. In many applications, PL/SQL blocks may appear wherever SQL statements can appear.
PL/SQL collection	PL/SQL集合	An ordered group of elements, all of the same type. Each element has a unique subscript that determines its position in the collection.
PL/SQL engine	PL/SQL引擎	The tool used to define, compile, and run PL/SQL program units. This engine is a special component of many Oracle products, including Oracle Database.
PL/SQL function	PL/SQL函数	A schema object that consists of a set of SQL statements and other PL/SQL constructs, grouped together, stored in the database, and run as a unit to solve a specific problem or perform a set of related tasks, and that always returns a single value to the caller.
PL/SQL function result cache	PL/SQL函数结果缓存	A subset of the server result cache that stores function result sets.
PL/SQL package	PL/SQL包	A logical grouping of related PL/SQL types, variables, and subprograms.
PL/SQL procedure	PL/SQL过程	A schema object that consists of a set of SQL statements and other PL/SQL constructs, grouped together, stored in the database, and run as a unit to solve a specific problem or perform a set of related tasks.
PL/SQL record	PL/SQL记录	A composite variable that can store data values of different types, similar to a struct type in C, C++, or Java. Records are useful for holding data from table rows, or specific columns from table rows.
PL/SQL subprogram	PL/SQL子程序	A named PL/SQL block that can be invoked with a set of parameters
pragma	编译指令	A directive that instructs the compiler to perform a compilation option. For example, the pragma AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION instructs the database that this procedure, when executed, is to be executed as a new autonomous transaction that is independent of its parent transaction.
precision	精度	The total number of digits in a floating-point number. You specify a fixed-point number in the form NUMBER(p,s), where p represents the precision.
precompiler	预编译	A programming tool that enables you to embed SQL statements in a high-level source program written in a language such as C, C++, or COBOL.
predicate	谓语	The WHERE condition in a SQL statement.
prefix compression	前缀压缩	The elimination of repeated occurrence of primary key column values in an index-organized table. Prefix compression was formerly known as key compression.
primary key	主键	The column or set of columns that uniquely identifies a row in a table. Only one primary key can be defined for each table.
primary key constraint	主键约束	An integrity constraint that disallows duplicate values and nulls in a column or set of columns.
private SQL area	私有SQL区	An area in memory that holds a parsed statement and other information for processing. The private SQL area contains data such as bind variable values, query execution state information, and query execution work areas.
privilege	权限	The right to run a particular type of SQL statement, or the right to access an object that belongs to another user, run a PL/SQL package, and so on. The types of privileges are defined by Oracle Database.
privilege analysis	权限分析	A security mechanism that captures privilege usage for a database according to a specified condition. For example, you can find the privileges that a user exercised during a specific database session.
procedural language	过程语言	A language that describes how things should be done, not what should be done (as in declarative languages). C++ and Java are examples of procedural languages.
process	进程	A mechanism in an operating system that can run a series of steps. By dividing the work of Oracle Database and database applications into several processes, multiple users and applications can connect to a single database instance simultaneously. See also background process; Oracle process; client process.
process monitor (PMON)	PMON (进程监视进程)	The background process that monitors the other background processes and performs process recovery when a server or dispatcher process terminates abnormally.
program interface	程序接口	The software layer between a database application and Oracle Database.
protected database	受保护数据库	A client database whose backups are managed by a Recovery Appliance.
protection policy	保护策略	A group of attributes that control how a Recovery Appliance stores and maintains backup data. Each protected database is assigned to exactly one protection policy, which controls all aspects of backup processing for that client.
pseudocolumn	伪列	A column that is not stored in a table, yet behaves like a table column.
query	查询	An operation that retrieves data from tables or views. For example, SELECT * FROM employees is a query. See also implicit query; subquery.
query block	查询块	A top-level SELECT statement, subquery, or unmerged view.
query coordinator	查询协调进程	In parallel execution, the user session or shadow process that coordinates the parallel execution servers. The parallel execution servers performs each operation in parallel if possible. When the parallel servers are finished executing the statement, the query coordinator performs any portion of the work that cannot be executed in parallel. Finally, the query coordinator returns any results to the user.
query optimization	查询优化	The process of choosing the most efficient means of executing a SQL statement.
query plan	查询计划	The execution plan used to execute a query.
query rewrite	查询重写	An optimization technique that transforms a user request written in terms of master tables into a semantically equivalent request that includes materialized views.