RK3588 camera驱动总结二之图像格式

camera驱动中很重要的一个设置就是格式，此文来看看这块。

在驱动中有个重要的参数mbus-code，即Media Bus Pixel Codes，它描述的是用于在物理总线上传输的格式，比如 sensor 通过mipi dphy 向 isp 传输的图像格式，或者在 ISP 内部各子模块间传输的格式。

Mbus-code定义在kernel的 include/uapi/linux/media-bus-format.h 中。
 

#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_FIXED			0x0001

/* RGB - next is	0x1024 */
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB444_1X12		0x1016
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB444_2X8_PADHI_BE	0x1001
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB444_2X8_PADHI_LE	0x1002
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB555_2X8_PADHI_BE	0x1003
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB555_2X8_PADHI_LE	0x1004
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB565_1X16		0x1017
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_BGR565_2X8_BE		0x1005
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_BGR565_2X8_LE		0x1006
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB565_2X8_BE		0x1007
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB565_2X8_LE		0x1008
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB666_1X18		0x1009
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RBG888_1X24		0x100e
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB666_1X24_CPADHI	0x1015
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB666_1X7X3_SPWG		0x1010
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_BGR888_1X24		0x1013
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_BGR888_3X8		0x101b
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_GBR888_1X24		0x1014
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_1X24		0x100a
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_2X12_BE		0x100b
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_2X12_LE		0x100c
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_3X8		0x101c
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_1X7X4_SPWG		0x1011
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_1X7X4_JEIDA	0x1012
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_ARGB8888_1X32		0x100d
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_1X32_PADHI		0x100f
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB101010_1X30		0x1018
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB121212_1X36		0x1019
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB161616_1X48		0x101a
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB888_DUMMY_4X8		0x101f
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_BGR888_DUMMY_4X8		0x1020
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB101010_1X7X5_SPWG	0x1022
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB101010_1X7X5_JEIDA	0x1023
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_RGB666_3X6		0x1100

/* YUV (including grey) - next is	0x202e */
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_Y8_1X8			0x2001
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_UV8_1X8			0x2015
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_UYVY8_1_5X8		0x2002
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_VYUY8_1_5X8		0x2003
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YUYV8_1_5X8		0x2004
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YVYU8_1_5X8		0x2005
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_UYVY8_2X8			0x2006
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_VYUY8_2X8			0x2007
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YUYV8_2X8			0x2008
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YVYU8_2X8			0x2009
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_Y10_1X10			0x200a
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_Y10_2X8_PADHI_LE		0x202c
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_UYVY10_2X10		0x2018
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_VYUY10_2X10		0x2019
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YUYV10_2X10		0x200b
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YVYU10_2X10		0x200c
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_Y12_1X12			0x2013
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_UYVY12_2X12		0x201c
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_VYUY12_2X12		0x201d
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YUYV12_2X12		0x201e
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YVYU12_2X12		0x201f
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_Y14_1X14			0x202d
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_UYVY8_1X16		0x200f
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_VYUY8_1X16		0x2010
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YUYV8_1X16		0x2011
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YVYU8_1X16		0x2012
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YDYUYDYV8_1X16		0x2014
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_UYVY10_1X20		0x201a
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_VYUY10_1X20		0x201b
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YUYV10_1X20		0x200d
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YVYU10_1X20		0x200e
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_VUY8_1X24			0x2024
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YUV8_1X24			0x2025
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_UYYVYY8_0_5X24		0x2026
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_UYVY12_1X24		0x2020
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_VYUY12_1X24		0x2021
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YUYV12_1X24		0x2022
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YVYU12_1X24		0x2023
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YUV10_1X30		0x2016
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_UYYVYY10_0_5X30		0x2027
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_AYUV8_1X32		0x2017
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_UYYVYY12_0_5X36		0x2028
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YUV12_1X36		0x2029
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_YUV16_1X48		0x202a
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_UYYVYY16_0_5X48		0x202b

/* Bayer - next is	0x3021 */
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR8_1X8		0x3001
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGBRG8_1X8		0x3013
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGRBG8_1X8		0x3002
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SRGGB8_1X8		0x3014
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR10_ALAW8_1X8		0x3015
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGBRG10_ALAW8_1X8		0x3016
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGRBG10_ALAW8_1X8		0x3017
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SRGGB10_ALAW8_1X8		0x3018
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR10_DPCM8_1X8		0x300b
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGBRG10_DPCM8_1X8		0x300c
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGRBG10_DPCM8_1X8		0x3009
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SRGGB10_DPCM8_1X8		0x300d
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR10_2X8_PADHI_BE	0x3003
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR10_2X8_PADHI_LE	0x3004
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR10_2X8_PADLO_BE	0x3005
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR10_2X8_PADLO_LE	0x3006
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR10_1X10		0x3007
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGBRG10_1X10		0x300e
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGRBG10_1X10		0x300a
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SRGGB10_1X10		0x300f
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR12_1X12		0x3008
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGBRG12_1X12		0x3010
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGRBG12_1X12		0x3011
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SRGGB12_1X12		0x3012
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR14_1X14		0x3019
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGBRG14_1X14		0x301a
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGRBG14_1X14		0x301b
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SRGGB14_1X14		0x301c
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR16_1X16		0x301d
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGBRG16_1X16		0x301e
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGRBG16_1X16		0x301f
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SRGGB16_1X16		0x3020

/* JPEG compressed formats - next is	0x4002 */
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_JPEG_1X8			0x4001

/* Vendor specific formats - next is	0x5002 */

/* S5C73M3 sensor specific interleaved UYVY and JPEG */
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_S5C_UYVY_JPEG_1X8		0x5001

/* HSV - next is	0x6002 */
#define MEDIA_BUS_FMT_AHSV8888_1X32		0x6001

#endif /* __LINUX_MEDIA_BUS_FORMAT_H */

包含上述这么多格式。看看几个常用的格式

media-ctl 可以列举出所支持的 mbus code。

# media-ctl --known-mbus-fmts

内核提供了这个接口int ioctl(int fd, int request, struct v4l2_subdev_mbus_code_enum *argp)

可以在驱动中实现来做配置。在实际应用中根据摄像头参数设置，一般摄像头只支持少部分格式。

对应Mbus-code，还有个重要的图像格式FourCC，全称 Four Character Codes，它用 4 个字符(即 32bit)来命名图像格式，存储在 Memory 中的图像格式。

意思就是Mbus-code指总线处理的数据，FourCC指应用获取的数据。

FourCC的定义在kernel的 include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h中

/*      Pixel format         FOURCC                          depth  Description  */

/* RGB formats */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB332  v4l2_fourcc('R', 'G', 'B', '1') /*  8  RGB-3-3-2     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB444  v4l2_fourcc('R', '4', '4', '4') /* 16  xxxxrrrr ggggbbbb */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_ARGB444 v4l2_fourcc('A', 'R', '1', '2') /* 16  aaaarrrr ggggbbbb */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_XRGB444 v4l2_fourcc('X', 'R', '1', '2') /* 16  xxxxrrrr ggggbbbb */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGBA444 v4l2_fourcc('R', 'A', '1', '2') /* 16  rrrrgggg bbbbaaaa */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGBX444 v4l2_fourcc('R', 'X', '1', '2') /* 16  rrrrgggg bbbbxxxx */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_ABGR444 v4l2_fourcc('A', 'B', '1', '2') /* 16  aaaabbbb ggggrrrr */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_XBGR444 v4l2_fourcc('X', 'B', '1', '2') /* 16  xxxxbbbb ggggrrrr */

/*
 * Originally this had 'BA12' as fourcc, but this clashed with the older
 * V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG12 which inexplicably used that same fourcc.
 * So use 'GA12' instead for V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGRA444.
 */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGRA444 v4l2_fourcc('G', 'A', '1', '2') /* 16  bbbbgggg rrrraaaa */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGRX444 v4l2_fourcc('B', 'X', '1', '2') /* 16  bbbbgggg rrrrxxxx */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB555  v4l2_fourcc('R', 'G', 'B', 'O') /* 16  RGB-5-5-5     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_ARGB555 v4l2_fourcc('A', 'R', '1', '5') /* 16  ARGB-1-5-5-5  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_XRGB555 v4l2_fourcc('X', 'R', '1', '5') /* 16  XRGB-1-5-5-5  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGBA555 v4l2_fourcc('R', 'A', '1', '5') /* 16  RGBA-5-5-5-1  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGBX555 v4l2_fourcc('R', 'X', '1', '5') /* 16  RGBX-5-5-5-1  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_ABGR555 v4l2_fourcc('A', 'B', '1', '5') /* 16  ABGR-1-5-5-5  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_XBGR555 v4l2_fourcc('X', 'B', '1', '5') /* 16  XBGR-1-5-5-5  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGRA555 v4l2_fourcc('B', 'A', '1', '5') /* 16  BGRA-5-5-5-1  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGRX555 v4l2_fourcc('B', 'X', '1', '5') /* 16  BGRX-5-5-5-1  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565  v4l2_fourcc('R', 'G', 'B', 'P') /* 16  RGB-5-6-5     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB555X v4l2_fourcc('R', 'G', 'B', 'Q') /* 16  RGB-5-5-5 BE  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_ARGB555X v4l2_fourcc_be('A', 'R', '1', '5') /* 16  ARGB-5-5-5 BE */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_XRGB555X v4l2_fourcc_be('X', 'R', '1', '5') /* 16  XRGB-5-5-5 BE */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565X v4l2_fourcc('R', 'G', 'B', 'R') /* 16  RGB-5-6-5 BE  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR666  v4l2_fourcc('B', 'G', 'R', 'H') /* 18  BGR-6-6-6	  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24   v4l2_fourcc('B', 'G', 'R', '3') /* 24  BGR-8-8-8     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24   v4l2_fourcc('R', 'G', 'B', '3') /* 24  RGB-8-8-8     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR32   v4l2_fourcc('B', 'G', 'R', '4') /* 32  BGR-8-8-8-8   */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_ABGR32  v4l2_fourcc('A', 'R', '2', '4') /* 32  BGRA-8-8-8-8  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_XBGR32  v4l2_fourcc('X', 'R', '2', '4') /* 32  BGRX-8-8-8-8  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGRA32  v4l2_fourcc('R', 'A', '2', '4') /* 32  ABGR-8-8-8-8  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGRX32  v4l2_fourcc('R', 'X', '2', '4') /* 32  XBGR-8-8-8-8  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB32   v4l2_fourcc('R', 'G', 'B', '4') /* 32  RGB-8-8-8-8   */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGBA32  v4l2_fourcc('A', 'B', '2', '4') /* 32  RGBA-8-8-8-8  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGBX32  v4l2_fourcc('X', 'B', '2', '4') /* 32  RGBX-8-8-8-8  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_ARGB32  v4l2_fourcc('B', 'A', '2', '4') /* 32  ARGB-8-8-8-8  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_XRGB32  v4l2_fourcc('B', 'X', '2', '4') /* 32  XRGB-8-8-8-8  */

/* Grey formats */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY    v4l2_fourcc('G', 'R', 'E', 'Y') /*  8  Greyscale     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y4      v4l2_fourcc('Y', '0', '4', ' ') /*  4  Greyscale     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y6      v4l2_fourcc('Y', '0', '6', ' ') /*  6  Greyscale     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y10     v4l2_fourcc('Y', '1', '0', ' ') /* 10  Greyscale     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y12     v4l2_fourcc('Y', '1', '2', ' ') /* 12  Greyscale     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y14     v4l2_fourcc('Y', '1', '4', ' ') /* 14  Greyscale     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y16     v4l2_fourcc('Y', '1', '6', ' ') /* 16  Greyscale     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y16_BE  v4l2_fourcc_be('Y', '1', '6', ' ') /* 16  Greyscale BE  */

/* Grey bit-packed formats */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y10BPACK    v4l2_fourcc('Y', '1', '0', 'B') /* 10  Greyscale bit-packed */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y10P    v4l2_fourcc('Y', '1', '0', 'P') /* 10  Greyscale, MIPI RAW10 packed */

/* Palette formats */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAL8    v4l2_fourcc('P', 'A', 'L', '8') /*  8  8-bit palette */

/* Chrominance formats */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_UV8     v4l2_fourcc('U', 'V', '8', ' ') /*  8  UV 4:4 */

/* Luminance+Chrominance formats */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV    v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'U', 'Y', 'V') /* 16  YUV 4:2:2     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YYUV    v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'Y', 'U', 'V') /* 16  YUV 4:2:2     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVYU    v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'V', 'Y', 'U') /* 16 YVU 4:2:2 */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY    v4l2_fourcc('U', 'Y', 'V', 'Y') /* 16  YUV 4:2:2     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_VYUY    v4l2_fourcc('V', 'Y', 'U', 'Y') /* 16  YUV 4:2:2     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y41P    v4l2_fourcc('Y', '4', '1', 'P') /* 12  YUV 4:1:1     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV444  v4l2_fourcc('Y', '4', '4', '4') /* 16  xxxxyyyy uuuuvvvv */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV555  v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'U', 'V', 'O') /* 16  YUV-5-5-5     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV565  v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'U', 'V', 'P') /* 16  YUV-5-6-5     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV32   v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'U', 'V', '4') /* 32  YUV-8-8-8-8   */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_AYUV32  v4l2_fourcc('A', 'Y', 'U', 'V') /* 32  AYUV-8-8-8-8  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_XYUV32  v4l2_fourcc('X', 'Y', 'U', 'V') /* 32  XYUV-8-8-8-8  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_VUYA32  v4l2_fourcc('V', 'U', 'Y', 'A') /* 32  VUYA-8-8-8-8  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_VUYX32  v4l2_fourcc('V', 'U', 'Y', 'X') /* 32  VUYX-8-8-8-8  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_HI240   v4l2_fourcc('H', 'I', '2', '4') /*  8  8-bit color   */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_HM12    v4l2_fourcc('H', 'M', '1', '2') /*  8  YUV 4:2:0 16x16 macroblocks */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_M420    v4l2_fourcc('M', '4', '2', '0') /* 12  YUV 4:2:0 2 lines y, 1 line uv interleaved */

/* two planes -- one Y, one Cr + Cb interleaved  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12    v4l2_fourcc('N', 'V', '1', '2') /* 12  Y/CbCr 4:2:0  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21    v4l2_fourcc('N', 'V', '2', '1') /* 12  Y/CrCb 4:2:0  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16    v4l2_fourcc('N', 'V', '1', '6') /* 16  Y/CbCr 4:2:2  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61    v4l2_fourcc('N', 'V', '6', '1') /* 16  Y/CrCb 4:2:2  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV24    v4l2_fourcc('N', 'V', '2', '4') /* 24  Y/CbCr 4:4:4  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV42    v4l2_fourcc('N', 'V', '4', '2') /* 24  Y/CrCb 4:4:4  */

/* two non contiguous planes - one Y, one Cr + Cb interleaved  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M   v4l2_fourcc('N', 'M', '1', '2') /* 12  Y/CbCr 4:2:0  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21M   v4l2_fourcc('N', 'M', '2', '1') /* 21  Y/CrCb 4:2:0  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16M   v4l2_fourcc('N', 'M', '1', '6') /* 16  Y/CbCr 4:2:2  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61M   v4l2_fourcc('N', 'M', '6', '1') /* 16  Y/CrCb 4:2:2  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT  v4l2_fourcc('T', 'M', '1', '2') /* 12  Y/CbCr 4:2:0 64x32 macroblocks */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT_16X16 v4l2_fourcc('V', 'M', '1', '2') /* 12  Y/CbCr 4:2:0 16x16 macroblocks */

/* three planes - Y Cb, Cr */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV410  v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'U', 'V', '9') /*  9  YUV 4:1:0     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU410  v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'V', 'U', '9') /*  9  YVU 4:1:0     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV411P v4l2_fourcc('4', '1', '1', 'P') /* 12  YVU411 planar */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420  v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'U', '1', '2') /* 12  YUV 4:2:0     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420  v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'V', '1', '2') /* 12  YVU 4:2:0     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV422P v4l2_fourcc('4', '2', '2', 'P') /* 16  YVU422 planar */

/* three non contiguous planes - Y, Cb, Cr */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420M v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'M', '1', '2') /* 12  YUV420 planar */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420M v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'M', '2', '1') /* 12  YVU420 planar */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV422M v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'M', '1', '6') /* 16  YUV422 planar */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU422M v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'M', '6', '1') /* 16  YVU422 planar */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV444M v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'M', '2', '4') /* 24  YUV444 planar */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU444M v4l2_fourcc('Y', 'M', '4', '2') /* 24  YVU444 planar */

/* Bayer formats - see http://www.siliconimaging.com/RGB%20Bayer.htm */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8  v4l2_fourcc('B', 'A', '8', '1') /*  8  BGBG.. GRGR.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG8  v4l2_fourcc('G', 'B', 'R', 'G') /*  8  GBGB.. RGRG.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG8  v4l2_fourcc('G', 'R', 'B', 'G') /*  8  GRGR.. BGBG.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB8  v4l2_fourcc('R', 'G', 'G', 'B') /*  8  RGRG.. GBGB.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR10 v4l2_fourcc('B', 'G', '1', '0') /* 10  BGBG.. GRGR.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG10 v4l2_fourcc('G', 'B', '1', '0') /* 10  GBGB.. RGRG.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG10 v4l2_fourcc('B', 'A', '1', '0') /* 10  GRGR.. BGBG.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB10 v4l2_fourcc('R', 'G', '1', '0') /* 10  RGRG.. GBGB.. */
	/* 10bit raw bayer packed, 5 bytes for every 4 pixels */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR10P v4l2_fourcc('p', 'B', 'A', 'A')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG10P v4l2_fourcc('p', 'G', 'A', 'A')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG10P v4l2_fourcc('p', 'g', 'A', 'A')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB10P v4l2_fourcc('p', 'R', 'A', 'A')
	/* 10bit raw bayer a-law compressed to 8 bits */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR10ALAW8 v4l2_fourcc('a', 'B', 'A', '8')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG10ALAW8 v4l2_fourcc('a', 'G', 'A', '8')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG10ALAW8 v4l2_fourcc('a', 'g', 'A', '8')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB10ALAW8 v4l2_fourcc('a', 'R', 'A', '8')
	/* 10bit raw bayer DPCM compressed to 8 bits */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR10DPCM8 v4l2_fourcc('b', 'B', 'A', '8')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG10DPCM8 v4l2_fourcc('b', 'G', 'A', '8')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG10DPCM8 v4l2_fourcc('B', 'D', '1', '0')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB10DPCM8 v4l2_fourcc('b', 'R', 'A', '8')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR12 v4l2_fourcc('B', 'G', '1', '2') /* 12  BGBG.. GRGR.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG12 v4l2_fourcc('G', 'B', '1', '2') /* 12  GBGB.. RGRG.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG12 v4l2_fourcc('B', 'A', '1', '2') /* 12  GRGR.. BGBG.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB12 v4l2_fourcc('R', 'G', '1', '2') /* 12  RGRG.. GBGB.. */
	/* 12bit raw bayer packed, 6 bytes for every 4 pixels */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR12P v4l2_fourcc('p', 'B', 'C', 'C')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG12P v4l2_fourcc('p', 'G', 'C', 'C')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG12P v4l2_fourcc('p', 'g', 'C', 'C')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB12P v4l2_fourcc('p', 'R', 'C', 'C')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR14 v4l2_fourcc('B', 'G', '1', '4') /* 14  BGBG.. GRGR.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG14 v4l2_fourcc('G', 'B', '1', '4') /* 14  GBGB.. RGRG.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG14 v4l2_fourcc('G', 'R', '1', '4') /* 14  GRGR.. BGBG.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB14 v4l2_fourcc('R', 'G', '1', '4') /* 14  RGRG.. GBGB.. */
	/* 14bit raw bayer packed, 7 bytes for every 4 pixels */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR14P v4l2_fourcc('p', 'B', 'E', 'E')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG14P v4l2_fourcc('p', 'G', 'E', 'E')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG14P v4l2_fourcc('p', 'g', 'E', 'E')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB14P v4l2_fourcc('p', 'R', 'E', 'E')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR16 v4l2_fourcc('B', 'Y', 'R', '2') /* 16  BGBG.. GRGR.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG16 v4l2_fourcc('G', 'B', '1', '6') /* 16  GBGB.. RGRG.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG16 v4l2_fourcc('G', 'R', '1', '6') /* 16  GRGR.. BGBG.. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB16 v4l2_fourcc('R', 'G', '1', '6') /* 16  RGRG.. GBGB.. */

/* HSV formats */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_HSV24 v4l2_fourcc('H', 'S', 'V', '3')
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_HSV32 v4l2_fourcc('H', 'S', 'V', '4')

/* compressed formats */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG    v4l2_fourcc('M', 'J', 'P', 'G') /* Motion-JPEG   */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG     v4l2_fourcc('J', 'P', 'E', 'G') /* JFIF JPEG     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_DV       v4l2_fourcc('d', 'v', 's', 'd') /* 1394          */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_MPEG     v4l2_fourcc('M', 'P', 'E', 'G') /* MPEG-1/2/4 Multiplexed */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_H265     v4l2_fourcc('H', '2', '6', '5') /* H265 with start codes */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_H264     v4l2_fourcc('H', '2', '6', '4') /* H264 with start codes */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_H264_NO_SC v4l2_fourcc('A', 'V', 'C', '1') /* H264 without start codes */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_H264_MVC v4l2_fourcc('M', '2', '6', '4') /* H264 MVC */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_H263     v4l2_fourcc('H', '2', '6', '3') /* H263          */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_MPEG1    v4l2_fourcc('M', 'P', 'G', '1') /* MPEG-1 ES     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_MPEG2    v4l2_fourcc('M', 'P', 'G', '2') /* MPEG-2 ES     */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_MPEG2_SLICE v4l2_fourcc('M', 'G', '2', 'S') /* MPEG-2 parsed slice data */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_MPEG4    v4l2_fourcc('M', 'P', 'G', '4') /* MPEG-4 part 2 ES */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_XVID     v4l2_fourcc('X', 'V', 'I', 'D') /* Xvid           */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_VC1_ANNEX_G v4l2_fourcc('V', 'C', '1', 'G') /* SMPTE 421M Annex G compliant stream */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_VC1_ANNEX_L v4l2_fourcc('V', 'C', '1', 'L') /* SMPTE 421M Annex L compliant stream */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_VP8      v4l2_fourcc('V', 'P', '8', '0') /* VP8 */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_VP9      v4l2_fourcc('V', 'P', '9', '0') /* VP9 */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_HEVC     v4l2_fourcc('H', 'E', 'V', 'C') /* HEVC aka H.265 */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_FWHT     v4l2_fourcc('F', 'W', 'H', 'T') /* Fast Walsh Hadamard Transform (vicodec) */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_FWHT_STATELESS     v4l2_fourcc('S', 'F', 'W', 'H') /* Stateless FWHT (vicodec) */

/*  Vendor-specific formats   */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_CPIA1    v4l2_fourcc('C', 'P', 'I', 'A') /* cpia1 YUV */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_WNVA     v4l2_fourcc('W', 'N', 'V', 'A') /* Winnov hw compress */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C10X  v4l2_fourcc('S', '9', '1', '0') /* SN9C10x compression */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C20X_I420 v4l2_fourcc('S', '9', '2', '0') /* SN9C20x YUV 4:2:0 */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PWC1     v4l2_fourcc('P', 'W', 'C', '1') /* pwc older webcam */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PWC2     v4l2_fourcc('P', 'W', 'C', '2') /* pwc newer webcam */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_ET61X251 v4l2_fourcc('E', '6', '2', '5') /* ET61X251 compression */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA501  v4l2_fourcc('S', '5', '0', '1') /* YUYV per line */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA505  v4l2_fourcc('S', '5', '0', '5') /* YYUV per line */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA508  v4l2_fourcc('S', '5', '0', '8') /* YUVY per line */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA561  v4l2_fourcc('S', '5', '6', '1') /* compressed GBRG bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAC207   v4l2_fourcc('P', '2', '0', '7') /* compressed BGGR bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_MR97310A v4l2_fourcc('M', '3', '1', '0') /* compressed BGGR bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_JL2005BCD v4l2_fourcc('J', 'L', '2', '0') /* compressed RGGB bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C2028 v4l2_fourcc('S', 'O', 'N', 'X') /* compressed GBRG bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SQ905C   v4l2_fourcc('9', '0', '5', 'C') /* compressed RGGB bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PJPG     v4l2_fourcc('P', 'J', 'P', 'G') /* Pixart 73xx JPEG */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_OV511    v4l2_fourcc('O', '5', '1', '1') /* ov511 JPEG */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_OV518    v4l2_fourcc('O', '5', '1', '8') /* ov518 JPEG */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_STV0680  v4l2_fourcc('S', '6', '8', '0') /* stv0680 bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_TM6000   v4l2_fourcc('T', 'M', '6', '0') /* tm5600/tm60x0 */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_CIT_YYVYUY v4l2_fourcc('C', 'I', 'T', 'V') /* one line of Y then 1 line of VYUY */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_KONICA420  v4l2_fourcc('K', 'O', 'N', 'I') /* YUV420 planar in blocks of 256 pixels */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPGL	v4l2_fourcc('J', 'P', 'G', 'L') /* JPEG-Lite */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SE401      v4l2_fourcc('S', '4', '0', '1') /* se401 janggu compressed rgb */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_S5C_UYVY_JPG v4l2_fourcc('S', '5', 'C', 'I') /* S5C73M3 interleaved UYVY/JPEG */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y8I      v4l2_fourcc('Y', '8', 'I', ' ') /* Greyscale 8-bit L/R interleaved */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y12I     v4l2_fourcc('Y', '1', '2', 'I') /* Greyscale 12-bit L/R interleaved */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16      v4l2_fourcc('Z', '1', '6', ' ') /* Depth data 16-bit */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_MT21C    v4l2_fourcc('M', 'T', '2', '1') /* Mediatek compressed block mode  */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_INZI     v4l2_fourcc('I', 'N', 'Z', 'I') /* Intel Planar Greyscale 10-bit and Depth 16-bit */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_SUNXI_TILED_NV12 v4l2_fourcc('S', 'T', '1', '2') /* Sunxi Tiled NV12 Format */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_CNF4     v4l2_fourcc('C', 'N', 'F', '4') /* Intel 4-bit packed depth confidence information */

/* 10bit raw bayer packed, 32 bytes for every 25 pixels, last LSB 6 bits unused */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_IPU3_SBGGR10	v4l2_fourcc('i', 'p', '3', 'b') /* IPU3 packed 10-bit BGGR bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_IPU3_SGBRG10	v4l2_fourcc('i', 'p', '3', 'g') /* IPU3 packed 10-bit GBRG bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_IPU3_SGRBG10	v4l2_fourcc('i', 'p', '3', 'G') /* IPU3 packed 10-bit GRBG bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_IPU3_SRGGB10	v4l2_fourcc('i', 'p', '3', 'r') /* IPU3 packed 10-bit RGGB bayer */

/* SDR formats - used only for Software Defined Radio devices */
#define V4L2_SDR_FMT_CU8          v4l2_fourcc('C', 'U', '0', '8') /* IQ u8 */
#define V4L2_SDR_FMT_CU16LE       v4l2_fourcc('C', 'U', '1', '6') /* IQ u16le */
#define V4L2_SDR_FMT_CS8          v4l2_fourcc('C', 'S', '0', '8') /* complex s8 */
#define V4L2_SDR_FMT_CS14LE       v4l2_fourcc('C', 'S', '1', '4') /* complex s14le */
#define V4L2_SDR_FMT_RU12LE       v4l2_fourcc('R', 'U', '1', '2') /* real u12le */
#define V4L2_SDR_FMT_PCU16BE	  v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '1', '6') /* planar complex u16be */
#define V4L2_SDR_FMT_PCU18BE	  v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '1', '8') /* planar complex u18be */
#define V4L2_SDR_FMT_PCU20BE	  v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '2', '0') /* planar complex u20be */

/* Touch formats - used for Touch devices */
#define V4L2_TCH_FMT_DELTA_TD16	v4l2_fourcc('T', 'D', '1', '6') /* 16-bit signed deltas */
#define V4L2_TCH_FMT_DELTA_TD08	v4l2_fourcc('T', 'D', '0', '8') /* 8-bit signed deltas */
#define V4L2_TCH_FMT_TU16	v4l2_fourcc('T', 'U', '1', '6') /* 16-bit unsigned touch data */
#define V4L2_TCH_FMT_TU08	v4l2_fourcc('T', 'U', '0', '8') /* 8-bit unsigned touch data */

/* Meta-data formats */
#define V4L2_META_FMT_VSP1_HGO    v4l2_fourcc('V', 'S', 'P', 'H') /* R-Car VSP1 1-D Histogram */
#define V4L2_META_FMT_VSP1_HGT    v4l2_fourcc('V', 'S', 'P', 'T') /* R-Car VSP1 2-D Histogram */
#define V4L2_META_FMT_UVC         v4l2_fourcc('U', 'V', 'C', 'H') /* UVC Payload Header metadata */
#define V4L2_META_FMT_D4XX        v4l2_fourcc('D', '4', 'X', 'X') /* D4XX Payload Header metadata */
#define V4L2_META_FMT_VIVID	  v4l2_fourcc('V', 'I', 'V', 'D') /* Vivid Metadata */

后面的四位简写就是对应的图像格式，例如在V4L2采集中可以设置pixelformat=NV12

下面是几个常用的格式

这里得理清，从V4L2应用端实际是可以获取到多种格式的数据，内部ISP进行处理生成不同的类型数据。也有可能不支持的格式转换，具体看驱动的实现和camera的支持。

例如mbus code是MEDIA_BUS_FMT_Y8_1X8，则可以取pixelformat=GREY

可以翻翻手册4.13.3.4.1. Media Bus Formats — The Linux Kernel documentation

讲得比较详细。