【翁恺】10-访问限制

setting limits

• to keep the client programmer's hands off members they shouldn't touch
• to allow the library designer to change the internal working of the structure without worrying about how it will affect the client programmer

C++ access control

• the members of a class can be cataloged,marked as:
  • public
  • private
  • protected

public公开的。所有的都可以访问

private私有的。类的成员函数可以访问这些私有的成员函数或者成员变量; private是对类来说的不是对对象来说的，同一个类的对象是可以互相访问私有变量的，private的这种限制仅仅是在编译时刻，运行时刻仍然有办法访问别的类的私有成员

protected。类自己以及子子孙孙可以访问

public

• public means all member declarations that follow are available to everyone

private

• the private keyword means that no one can access that member except inside function members of that type

自己指的是这个类的成员函数。

private是对类来说的，不是对对象的。同一个类的对象之间是可以互相访问私有的成员变量的。private的限制仅仅在编译时刻，意味着，运行时刻可以访问私有的东西。C++的OOP 仅在源代码时候存在，编译后的 .o 和其他语言是一样的，不会在运行时刻检查访问限制。

friends

• to explicitly grant access to a function that isn't member of the structure
• the class itself controls which code has access to its members
• can declare a global function as a friend, as well as a member function of another class,or even an entire class,as a friend

别的类，别的函数，别的类内的某个函数

friend的授权也是在编译时刻检查的。运算符重载时候用的较多。

class vs. struct

• class defaults to private
• struct defaults to public