【翁恺】14-子类父类关系

declare an employee class

class Employee {
public:
    Employee(const std::string &name, const std::string &ssn);
    const std::sting &get_name() const;
    void print(std::ostrwam &out) const;
    void pint(std::ostrwam &out,const std::string &msg) const;
protected:
    std::string m_name;
    std::string m_ssn;
}

        &:引用

constructor of employee

Employee::Employee(const sting &name,const string &ssn):m_name(name),m_ssn(ssn){
    //initializer list sets up the values!
}

employee member functions

inline const std::sting & Employee::get_name() const{
    return m_name;
};
inline void Employee::print(std::ostream &out) const｛
	out<<m_name<<endl;
	out<<m_ssn<<endl;
｝;
inline Employee::void pint(std::ostream &out,const std::string &msg) const{
    out<<msg<<endl;
    print(out);
};

 1. print函数重载。2. 尽量使用已有的代码写新的代码，可以避免错误

now add manager

class Manager:public Employee{ // 继承
public:
    Manager(const std::string&name,const std::string ssn,const std::string&title);
    const std::string title_name() const;
    const std::string& get_title() const;
    void print(std::ostream& out) const;
private:
    std::string m_title;
};

创建一个子类的对象，父类的构造函数将会被调用。如果Employee 没有默认构造函数。那么编译会报错。解决：在子类的构造函数中以初始化列表的方式，给父类传递父类构造函数需要的参数。

初始化列表：顺序是按照声明的顺序，而不是在初始化列表中写的顺序。

1. 所有成员变量的初始化

2.父类的初始化。

父类首先被构造，然后是子类被构造。析构时候，先子类后父类。

manager member functions

inline void Manager::print(std::ostream& out) const{
    Employee::print(out);//call the base class print
    out << m_title<<endl;
}
inline const std::string& Manager::get_title() const{
    return m_title;
}
inline const std::string Manager::title_name() const{
    return string(m_title + ":"+m_name);// access base m_naeme
}

 Manager::print 使用了 Employee::print

uses

int main(){
    Employee bob("Bob Jones","555-444-8888");
    Manager bill("Bill Smith","555-444-6666","important person");
    
    string name = bill.get_name();//okay Manager inherits Empoyee
    //string title = bob.get_title();//error
    cout<<bill.title_name()<<"\n"<<endl;
    bill.print(cout);
    bob.print(cout);
    bob.print(cout,"Employee:");
    //bill.print(cout,"Employee:")//error hidden
}

//bill.print(cout,"Employee:")//error

如果父类中存在函数重载，子类中存在一个相同的函数，子类中只有这个函数，父类的被隐藏。只有C++ 如此。原因：C++中，这两个不过是同名而已，并没有关系，把父类的那些函数都隐藏了。

bill.Employee::print(cout,"Employee:")