绕三轴旋转公式

本文中定义旋转正方向是指沿轴从正往负看,逆时针为正。
NED坐标系到机体坐标系的变换

1.绕轴旋转公式

1.1 绕x轴旋转 ϕ \phi ϕ角度

(1) R x ( ϕ ) = [ x ′ y ′ z ′ ] = [ 1 0 0 0 c o s ϕ s i n ϕ 0 − s i n ϕ c o s ϕ ] [ x y z ] R_x(\phi)=\left[ \begin{matrix}x'\\ y'\\ z'\end{matrix} \right]= \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & cos\phi & sin\phi \\ 0 & -sin\phi & cos\phi \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} x\\ y\\ z \end{matrix} \right]\tag{1} Rx(ϕ)=xyz=1000cosϕsinϕ0sinϕcosϕxyz(1)
其中, [ x , y , z ] [ \begin{matrix}x,y,z\end{matrix}] [x,y,z]表示旋转 θ \theta θ之前坐标的坐标,而 [ x ′ , y ′ , z ′ ] [ \begin{matrix}x',y',z'\end{matrix}] [x,y,z]表示旋转之后的坐标,同理可以得到其他两轴的旋转公式。

1.2 绕y轴旋转 θ \theta θ

(2) R y ( θ ) = [ x ′ y ′ z ′ ] = [ c o s θ 0 − s i n θ 0 1 0 s i n θ 0 c o s θ ] [ x y z ] R_y(\theta)=\left[ \begin{matrix} x'\\ y'\\ z' \end{matrix} \right]= \left[ \begin{matrix} cos\theta& 0& -sin\theta \\ 0& 1& 0 \\ sin\theta& 0& cos\theta \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} x\\ y\\ z \end{matrix} \right]\tag{2} Ry(θ)=xyz=cosθ0sinθ010sinθ0cosθxyz(2)

1.3 绕z轴旋转 ψ \psi ψ

(3) R z ( ψ ) [ x ′ y ′ z ′ ] = [ c o s ψ s i n ψ 0 − s i n ψ c o s ψ 0 0 0 1 ] [ x y z ] R_z(\psi)\left[ \begin{matrix} x'\\ y'\\ z' \end{matrix} \right]= \left[ \begin{matrix} cos\psi& sin\psi& 0 \\ -sin\psi& cos\psi& 0 \\ 0& 0& 1 \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} x\\ y\\ z \end{matrix} \right]\tag{3} Rz(ψ)xyz=cosψsinψ0sinψcosψ0001xyz(3)

1.4 北东地坐标系转换到机体转换矩阵

R N E D 2 b = R x ( ϕ ) R y ( θ ) R z ( ψ ) = R_{NED2b}=R_x(\phi)R_y(\theta)R_z(\psi)= RNED2b=Rx(ϕ)Ry(θ)Rz(ψ)= (4) [ c o s ( θ ) c o s ( ψ ) c o s ( θ ) s i n ( ψ ) − s i n ( θ ) c o s ( ψ ) s i n ( θ ) s i n ( p h i ) − s i n ( ψ ) c o s ( ϕ ) s i n ( ψ ) s i n ( θ ) s i n ( ϕ ) + c o s ( ψ ) c o s ( ϕ ) c o s ( θ ) s i n ( ϕ ) s i n ( ψ ) s i n ( ϕ ) + c o s ( p s i ) s i n ( θ ) c o s ( ϕ ) s i n ( ψ ) s i n ( θ ) c o s ( ϕ ) − c o s ( ψ ) s i n ( ϕ ) c o s ( θ ) c o s ( ϕ ) ] \left[ \begin{matrix} cos(\theta)cos(\psi) & cos(\theta)sin(\psi) & -sin(\theta)\\ cos(\psi)sin(\theta)sin(phi)-sin(\psi)cos(\phi) & sin(\psi)sin(\theta)sin(\phi)+cos(\psi)cos(\phi) & cos(\theta)sin(\phi)\\ sin(\psi)sin(\phi)+cos(psi)sin(\theta)cos(\phi) & sin(\psi)sin(\theta)cos(\phi)-cos(\psi)sin(\phi) & cos(\theta)cos(\phi) \end{matrix} \right]\tag{4} cos(θ)cos(ψ)cos(ψ)sin(θ)sin(phi)sin(ψ)cos(ϕ)sin(ψ)sin(ϕ)+cos(psi)sin(θ)cos(ϕ)cos(θ)sin(ψ)sin(ψ)sin(θ)sin(ϕ)+cos(ψ)cos(ϕ)sin(ψ)sin(θ)cos(ϕ)cos(ψ)sin(ϕ)sin(θ)cos(θ)sin(ϕ)cos(θ)cos(ϕ)(4)
(5) [ X b Y b Z b ] = R N E D 2 b [ X N E D Y N E D Z N E D ] \left[ \begin{matrix} X_{b}\\Y_{b}\\Z_{b} \end{matrix} \right]=R_{NED2b} \left[ \begin{matrix} X_{NED}\\Y_{NED}\\Z_{NED} \end{matrix} \right]\tag{5} XbYbZb=RNED2bXNEDYNEDZNED(5)

2.角速度转换公式

根据北东地坐标系旋转到机体坐标系的顺序可知
(5) [ p q r ] = [ 1 0 0 ] ϕ ˙ + R x ( ϕ ) [ 0 1 0 ] θ ˙ + R x ( ϕ ) R y ( θ ) [ 0 0 1 ] ψ ˙ = [ 1 0 − s i n θ 0 c o s ϕ c o s θ s i n ϕ 0 − s i n ϕ c o s θ c o s ϕ ] [ ϕ ˙ θ ˙ ψ ˙ ] \left[ \begin{matrix} p\\q\\r \end{matrix} \right]= \left[ \begin{matrix} 1\\0\\0 \end{matrix} \right] \dot{\phi}+ R_x(\phi)\left[\begin{matrix}0\\1\\0 \end{matrix} \right]\dot{\theta}+ R_x(\phi)R_y(\theta) \left[\begin{matrix}0\\0\\1 \end{matrix} \right]\dot{\psi} = \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & -sin\theta \\ 0 & cos\phi & cos\theta sin\phi \\ 0 & -sin\phi & cos\theta cos\phi \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} \dot{\phi}\\\dot{\theta}\\\dot{\psi} \end{matrix} \right]\tag{5} pqr=100ϕ˙+Rx(ϕ)010θ˙+Rx(ϕ)Ry(θ)001ψ˙=1000cosϕsinϕsinθcosθsinϕcosθcosϕϕ˙θ˙ψ˙(5)
根据矩阵转置可求得
[ ϕ ˙ θ ˙ ψ ˙ ] = [ 1 t a n θ s i n ϕ t a n θ c o s ϕ 0 c o s ϕ − s i n ϕ 0 − s i n ϕ c o s θ c o s ϕ c o s θ ] [ p q r ] \left[ \begin{matrix} \dot{\phi}\\\dot{\theta}\\\dot{\psi} \end{matrix} \right] = \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & tan\theta sin\phi & tan\theta cos\phi \\ 0 & cos\phi & -sin\phi \\ 0 & \frac{-sin\phi}{cos\theta} & \frac{cos\phi}{cos\theta} \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} p\\q\\r \end{matrix} \right] ϕ˙θ˙ψ˙=100tanθsinϕcosϕcosθsinϕtanθcosϕsinϕcosθcosϕpqr

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