第一章第十一题（人口估算）(Population projection)

第一章第十一题（人口估算）(Population projection)

• *1.11（人口估算）美国人口调查局基于以下假设进行人口估算：
  • 每7秒有一个人诞生
  • 每13秒有一个人死亡
  • 每45秒有一个移民迁入

编写一个程序，显示未来5年的每年人口数。假设当前的人口是312 032 486，每年有365天。提示：Java中，两个整数相除，结果还是整数，小数部分被去掉。例如，5/4等于1（而不是1.25），10/4等于2（而不是2.5）。如果想得到有小数部分的精确结果，进行除法运算的两个值之一必须是一个具有小数点的数值。例如，5.0/4等于1.25，10/4.0等于2.5。

• *1.11 (Population projection) The U.S. Census Bureau projects population based on the following assumptions:
  • One birth every 7 seconds
  • One death every 13 seconds
  • One new immigrant every 45 seconds

Write a program to display the population for each of the next five years. Assume that the current population is 312,032,486, and one year has 365 days. Hint: In Java, if two integers perform division, the result is an integer. The fractional part is truncated. For example, 5 / 4 is 1 (not 1.25) and 10 / 4 is 2 (not 2.5). To get an accurate result with the fractional part, one of the values involved in the division must be a number with a decimal point. For example, 5.0 / 4 is 1.25 and 10 / 4.0 is 2.5.

• 参考代码：

package chapter01;

public class Code_11 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        final double BORN_NUMBER = 1.0 / 7; 		// Births per second
        final double DEAD_NUMBER = 1.0 / 13;		// Deaths per second
        final double IMMIGRANT_NUMBER = 1.0 / 45;	// Number of immigrants per second
        final int SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR = 365 * 24 * 60 * 60; // Seconds in a year

        int PopulationNumberNow = 312_032_486;
        int FirstYearPopulation =(int)(PopulationNumberNow + SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * BORN_NUMBER - SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * DEAD_NUMBER + SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * IMMIGRANT_NUMBER);
        int SecondYearPopulation = (int)(FirstYearPopulation + SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * BORN_NUMBER - SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * DEAD_NUMBER + SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * IMMIGRANT_NUMBER);;
        int ThirdYearPopulation = (int)(SecondYearPopulation + SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * BORN_NUMBER - SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * DEAD_NUMBER + SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * IMMIGRANT_NUMBER);;
        int FourthYearPopulation = (int)(ThirdYearPopulation + SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * BORN_NUMBER - SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * DEAD_NUMBER + SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * IMMIGRANT_NUMBER);;
        int FifthYearPopulation = (int)(FourthYearPopulation + SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * BORN_NUMBER - SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * DEAD_NUMBER + SECONDS_IN_A_YEAR * IMMIGRANT_NUMBER);;

        System.out.println("The population number of USA in first year : " + FirstYearPopulation);
        System.out.println("The population number of USA in second year : " + SecondYearPopulation);
        System.out.println("The population number of USA in third year : " + ThirdYearPopulation);
        System.out.println("The population number of USA in fourth year : " + FourthYearPopulation);
        System.out.println("The population number of USA in fifth year : " + FifthYearPopulation);
    }
}

• 结果显示：

The population number of USA in first year : 314812582
The population number of USA in second year : 317592678
The population number of USA in third year : 320372774
The population number of USA in fourth year : 323152870
The population number of USA in fifth year : 325932966

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