gcc/g++检查内存越界和内存泄漏

一.说明

本说明来源于网络， 原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41644391/article/details/103450401
gcc 4.8.5 : 只有Asan，即只能检测内存越界。

gcc 4.9.2 : 有Asan和Lsan两种，可以用asan来做越界检测，用lsan做内存泄露检测。（建议使用， gcc的安装跟gcc4.8.5一样，详看tensorflow 配置centos6环境）

gcc 7.2 : Asan中集成了LSan。（建议使用， gcc的安装跟gcc4.8.5一样，详看tensorflow 配置centos6环境），意思就是只用asan就可以啦。

二.内存越界示例

代码

main.cc

#include <iostream>

int main() {
  char a[7] = "abcdef";
  char b[7] = "abcdef";
  int c = 1;
  b[8] = 'g';
  std::cout << a << std::endl;

  return 0;  
}

编译

aa:main.cc
	g++  -std=c++11  -g  -O0  -fsanitize=address  main.cc -o aa

运行结果

# ./aa 
=================================================================
==27425==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: stack-buffer-overflow on address 0x7ffcbc40d3c8 at pc 0x56394911007a bp 0x7ffcbc40d340 sp 0x7ffcbc40d330
WRITE of size 1 at 0x7ffcbc40d3c8 thread T0
    #0 0x563949110079 in main /magicmind_dir/learn/asan/main.cc:7
    #1 0x7ff91a03abf6 in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x21bf6)
    #2 0x56394910fdc9 in _start (/magicmind_dir/learn/asan/aa+0xdc9)

Address 0x7ffcbc40d3c8 is located in stack of thread T0 at offset 104 in frame
    #0 0x56394910feb9 in main /magicmind_dir/learn/asan/main.cc:3

  This frame has 2 object(s):
    [32, 39) 'a'
    [96, 103) 'b' <== Memory access at offset 104 overflows this variable
HINT: this may be a false positive if your program uses some custom stack unwind mechanism or swapcontext
      (longjmp and C++ exceptions *are* supported)
SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: stack-buffer-overflow /magicmind_dir/learn/asan/main.cc:7 in main
Shadow bytes around the buggy address:
  0x100017879a20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x100017879a30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x100017879a40: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x100017879a50: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x100017879a60: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 f1 f1 f1 f1
=>0x100017879a70: 07 f2 f2 f2 f2 f2 f2 f2 07[f2]f2 f2 00 00 00 00
  0x100017879a80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x100017879a90: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x100017879aa0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x100017879ab0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x100017879ac0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):
  Addressable:           00
  Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 
  Heap left redzone:       fa
  Freed heap region:       fd
  Stack left redzone:      f1
  Stack mid redzone:       f2
  Stack right redzone:     f3
  Stack after return:      f5
  Stack use after scope:   f8
  Global redzone:          f9
  Global init order:       f6
  Poisoned by user:        f7
  Container overflow:      fc
  Array cookie:            ac
  Intra object redzone:    bb
  ASan internal:           fe
  Left alloca redzone:     ca
  Right alloca redzone:    cb
==27425==ABORTING

三.内存泄漏示例

代码

main.cc

#include <iostream>

int main() {
  char* p = new char[10];
  p[0] = 'g';
  std::cout << p << std::endl;

  return 0;  
}

编译

aa:main.cc
	g++ -std=c++11 -g -O0 -fsanitize=leak main.cc -o aa

运行

# ./aa 
g

=================================================================
==27468==ERROR: LeakSanitizer: detected memory leaks

Direct leak of 10 byte(s) in 1 object(s) allocated from:
    #0 0x7fda10c8ad8b in operator new[](unsigned long) (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblsan.so.0+0xfd8b)
    #1 0x564ca95949db in main /magicmind_dir/learn/lsan/main.cc:4
    #2 0x7fda10522bf6 in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x21bf6)

SUMMARY: LeakSanitizer: 10 byte(s) leaked in 1 allocation(s).