考研英语（五）——定语从句

名词性从句（下）

考点分析：能够识别各个名词性从句并且把它们翻译出来

①如何识别主语从句：
只要见到有引导词在句首并且从句后没有被逗号隔开就一定是主语从句，主语从句句首开始在主句的谓语动词之前结束，除此之外只要见到 It…that…也是主语从句。

例句：
（Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or rice versa） often depends on the issue of which is seem as the driving force.

1.先找主句谓语动词：depends on
2.显然主句前面是一个主语从句

注：
pure science 纯科学；理论科学
at the expense of 牺牲…为代价
driving force 驱动力

翻译：
政府是否应该牺牲技术经费投入为代价来增加对理论科学经费投入，还是相反，这个问题取决于哪一方是驱动力。

How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpret.

注：
be validated by 被证实
depends upon 取决于
appropriateness 适应性
interpret 解释

1.这句话是由and并列的两个句子，谓语动词是depends upon

主语从句意思：
这些预测将会很好的被后面的结果所证实

翻译：
这些预测将会很好的被后面的结果所证实，它取决于被使用信息的数量可靠性和适应性还取决于解释这些信息的技巧和智慧。

It is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbol in solving problems.

注：
intelligence 智慧
logically 逻辑
distinction 辨别
verbal 文字
symbols 符号
readily 快捷的

这是由It…that…构成的主语从句，谓语动词是is agreed
这句话由and 并列了四个定语从句都省略了who can
翻译：
众所周知，一个高智商的人是这样一个人，他能够快速理解思想，能够做出辨别，能够逻辑推理和使用文字和数学符号解决问题。

②如何识别宾语从句：只要实意动词后面有个引导词就暂定为宾语从句（状语从句还没讲）

You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction （归纳法）and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.

1.这句话的谓语是have heard
2.宾语从句在that到结尾
翻译：
你们都曾多次听说过，科学家是通过归纳法和演绎法来工作的；在某种意义上说，他们用这些方法设法从自然界中找出某些自然规律；然后他们根据这些规律，用自己的一些特殊的本领，来建立起他们的理论

③如何识别表语从句：只要系动词的后面有个引导词就一定是表语从句

例句：
Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.

1.这句话的谓语是was
2.was后面是表语从句，表语从句里面还有一个宾语从句

翻译：
伽利略最大的辉煌就是在1609年的时候，他第一个将新发明的望远镜对准了天空，证明了行星是围绕着太阳而不是地球转动的。

④如何识别同谓语从句：只要名词后面有个引导词就暂定为同位语从句（每次后面的从句绝大多数哦是定语从句）

例句：
A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears.

1.谓语动词是formulated
2.theory后面的从句是同位语从句
翻译：
一个世纪以前，Freud阐述了他的革命性理论，这个理论是梦是我们无意识中的欲望和害怕伪装的阴影。

Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.

1.谓语动词came up
2.came up后面的从句是作为evidence的同位语从句

翻译：
证据表明，特定讲话的声音可以被六个月的婴儿认出来

好句记忆：⭐⭐⭐
It has been validated by a host of facts that glories belong to private individuals sparing no efforts.

翻译：
事实证明，成功属于不遗余力的人。