爬虫练习（一）爬取Boss直聘的招聘信息

通过职位搜索"Python开发"，看下搜索的结果

https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/?query=python开发&city=101020100&industry=&position=

用F12查看下html的结构

 先获取所有的class="job-primary"的div列表，然后遍历列表对象，在子查询里面的各个需要的信息。

职位需求信息如下：

公司信息：

先创建数据库，保存爬取的信息

create table boss_job(
    jid varchar(50) primary key,
    name varchar(50) not null,
    sal varchar(20),
    addr varchar(50),
    work_year varchar(20),
    edu varchar(20),
    company varchar(40),
    company_type varchar(20),
    company_staff varchar(20),
    url varchar(200)
)engine=innodb default charset=utf-8

 boss直聘需要带上cookies，不然无法正常返回，会访问到一个请稍后的页面。

爬取库使用BeautifulSoup4，如果对这个库使用还不清楚的，可以看之前的文章"Python爬虫（三）Beautiful Soup"

#-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import requests,pymysql
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def get_one_page_info(kw,page):
    '''获取第page的数据，搜索关键字kw'''
    url="https://www.zhipin.com/c101020100/?query="+kw+"&page="+str(page)+"&ka=page-"+str(page)
    cookies={
        "lastCity":"101020100",
        "_uab_collina":"156594127160811552815566",
        "sid":"sem_pz_bdpc_dasou_title",
        "__c":"1566178735",
        "__g":"sem_pz_bdpc_dasou_title",
        "__l":"l=%2Fwww.zhipin.com%2F%3Fsid%3Dsem_pz_bdpc_dasou_title&r=https%3A%2F%2Fsp0.baidu.com%2F9q9JcDHa2gU2pMbgoY3K%2Fadrc.php%3Ft%3D06KL00c00fDIFkY0IWPB0KZEgsA_ON-I00000Kd7ZNC00000Irp6hc.THdBULP1doZA80K85yF9pywdpAqVuNqsusK15yRLPH6zuW-9nj04nhRLuhR0IHYYn1mzwW9AwHIawWmdrRN7P1-7fHN7wjK7nRNDfW6Lf6K95gTqFhdWpyfqn1czPjmsPjnYrausThqbpyfqnHm0uHdCIZwsT1CEQLILIz4lpA-spy38mvqVQ1q1pyfqTvNVgLKlgvFbTAPxuA71ULNxIA-YUAR0mLFW5Hfsrj6v%26tpl%3Dtpl_11534_19713_15764%26l%3D1511867677%26attach%3Dlocation%253D%2526linkName%253D%2525E6%2525A0%252587%2525E5%252587%252586%2525E5%2525A4%2525B4%2525E9%252583%2525A8-%2525E6%2525A0%252587%2525E9%2525A2%252598-%2525E4%2525B8%2525BB%2525E6%2525A0%252587%2525E9%2525A2%252598%2526linkText%253DBoss%2525E7%25259B%2525B4%2525E8%252581%252598%2525E2%252580%252594%2525E2%252580%252594%2525E6%252589%2525BE%2525E5%2525B7%2525A5%2525E4%2525BD%25259C%2525EF%2525BC%25258C%2525E6%252588%252591%2525E8%2525A6%252581%2525E8%2525B7%25259F%2525E8%252580%252581%2525E6%25259D%2525BF%2525E8%2525B0%252588%2525EF%2525BC%252581%2526xp%253Did(%252522m3224604348_canvas%252522)%25252FDIV%25255B1%25255D%25252FDIV%25255B1%25255D%25252FDIV%25255B1%25255D%25252FDIV%25255B1%25255D%25252FDIV%25255B1%25255D%25252FH2%25255B1%25255D%25252FA%25255B1%25255D%2526linkType%253D%2526checksum%253D8%26wd%3Dboss%25E7%259B%25B4%25E8%2581%2598%26issp%3D1%26f%3D8%26ie%3Dutf-8%26rqlang%3Dcn%26tn%3Dbaiduhome_pg%26sug%3Dboss%2525E7%25259B%2525B4%2525E8%252581%252598%2525E5%2525AE%252598%2525E7%2525BD%252591%26inputT%3D4829&g=%2Fwww.zhipin.com%2F%3Fsid%3Dsem_pz_bdpc_dasou_title",
        "Hm_lvt_194df3105ad7148dcf2b98a91b5e727a":"1565941272,1566178735",
        "__zp_stoken__":"c839%2FbUp4y%2FcG59Q1lQU84czePIXK3dDRi%2F3AGRWQ6KVQWUNKQa4lxpn2jAVyXKDRxk0g3H19loBTLIK4KtUfLuxbQ%3D%3D",
        "__a":"74852898.1565941271.1565941271.1566178735.32.2.3.3",
        "Hm_lpvt_194df3105ad7148dcf2b98a91b5e727a":"1566178748",
    }
    headers={
        "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36",
        "referer":"https://www.zhipin.com/c101020100/?query=python%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91&page=1&ka=page-1"
    }
    r= requests.get(url,headers=headers,cookies=cookies)
    soup=BeautifulSoup(r.text,"lxml")
    # 先获取每一行的列表数据
    all_jobs=soup.select("div.job-primary")
    infos=[]
    for job in all_jobs:
        jnama=job.find("div",attrs={"class":"job-title"}).text
        jurl="https://www.zhipin.com"+job.find("div",attrs={"class":"info-primary"}).h3.a.attrs['href']
        jid=job.find("div",attrs={"class":"info-primary"}).h3.a.attrs['data-jid']
        sal=job.find("div",attrs={"class":"info-primary"}).h3.a.span.text
        info_contents=job.find("div",attrs={"class":"info-primary"}).p.contents
        addr=info_contents[0]
        # 有的工作年薪是没有的，有的是有四个的需要更具contents子节点的个数去判断
        # <p>上海 静安区 汶水路<em class="vline"></em>4天/周<em class="vline"></em>6个月<em class="vline"></em>大专</p>
        # contents里面包含着文本和em标签
        # print(info_contents)
        # ['上海 嘉定区 安亭', <em class="vline"></em>, '3-5年', <em class="vline"></em>, '大专']
        if len(info_contents)==3:
            work_year = "无数据"
            edu = job.find("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"}).p.contents[2]
        elif len(info_contents)==5:
            work_year=job.find("div",attrs={"class":"info-primary"}).p.contents[2]
            edu=job.find("div",attrs={"class":"info-primary"}).p.contents[4]
        elif len(info_contents)==7:
            work_year = job.find("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"}).p.contents[-3]
            edu = job.find("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"}).p.contents[-1]
        company=job.find("div",attrs={"class":"company-text"}).h3.a.text
        company_type=job.find("div",attrs={"class":"company-text"}).p.contents[0]
        company_staff=job.find("div",attrs={"class":"company-text"}).p.contents[-1]
        print(jid,jnama,jurl,sal,addr,work_year,edu,company,company_type,company_staff)
        infos.append({
            "jid":jid,
            "name":jnama,
            "sal":sal,
            "addr":addr,
            "work_year":work_year,
            "edu":edu,
            "company":company,
            "company_type":company_type,
            "company_staff":company_staff,
            "url":jurl})
    print("%s职位信息，第%d页抓取完成"%(kw,page))
    return infos
def save_mysql(infos):
    '''保存每一页的数据到数据库中'''
    db = pymysql.connect("localhost","root","123456","ai11",charset="utf8")
    cursor = db.cursor()
    for job in infos:
        sql = "insert into boss_job values('%(jid)s','%(name)s','%(sal)s','%(addr)s','%(work_year)s'\
        ,'%(edu)s','%(company)s','%(company_type)s','%(company_staff)s','%(url)s');"%(job)
        try:
            cursor.execute(sql)
        except pymysql.Error as e:
            print("数据库出错",e)
            db.rollback()
        else:
            db.commit()


for i in range(1,11):
    infos=get_one_page_info("python开发",i)
    save_mysql(infos)