0，引入
“驭龙台”这个名字是后来起的，原本只是打算设计这么一个场景，如下图：
先申明一点：“驭龙台”场景中的大部分图形都是有磨边的楔形构成。
对于场景中的台阶、房顶、墙面，原本只是打算建差不多和上图中能看到的这么一个范围（对应phi0,phi1），后来把phi0、phi1扩充到了整个圆周。
所以，远看这个场景是这么个样子：
从这个视角看时，咱就决定将这个场景命名为“驭龙台”啦！
至于为什么起这个名？这个名的含义是什么？
木有深究，只是感觉很厉害的样子！！！
接下来，我们将分别看看场景中的各个部分是怎么设置和创建的。
主要是要注意：各个“基本图形”的参数设置，以便和谐地构成整个场景。
1，第一部分：中间的圆台
这一部分又是有三部分组成：最下面的Rosette花环、磨边的box、矩形面。
1.1 Rossette花环
这个和“Q104：怎么用ray tracing画基于磨边楔形的“花环（Rosette）””是一样的。之前的链接：
http://blog.csdn.net/libing_zeng/article/details/70194670
Phong材质，大理石纹理。
场景中创建这么一个设置有随机大理石纹理的Rosette的相关代码如下：
////////////////////////////////////////floor, Rosette///////////////////////////////////////
// rosette parameters
int num_rings = 3; // maximum of 6
float hole_radius = 1.0;
float ring_width = 1.0;
float rb = 0.025; // bevel radius
float y0 = -0.1; // minimum y value
float y1 = 0.1; // minimum y value
Rosette* rosette_floor_ptr = new Rosette(num_rings, hole_radius, ring_width, rb, y0, y1);
// put a different random marble texture on each wedge
// ramp image:
Image* image_floor_ptr = new Image;
image_floor_ptr->read_ppm_file(".\\TextureFiles\\ppm\\BlueMarbleRamp.ppm");
// marble texture parameters
int floor_num_octaves = 4;
float floor_lacunarity = 2.0;
float floor_gain = 0.5;
float floor_perturbation = 3.0;
int floor_num_objects = rosette_floor_ptr->get_num_objects();
for (int j = 0; j < floor_num_objects; j++) {
// noise:
CubicNoise* noise_floor_ptr = new CubicNoise;
noise_floor_ptr->set_num_octaves(floor_num_octaves);
noise_floor_ptr->set_gain(floor_gain); // not relevant when num_octaves = 1
noise_floor_ptr->set_lacunarity(floor_lacunarity); // not relevant when num_octaves = 1
// marble texture:
FBmTextureRamp* marble_floor_ptr = new FBmTextureRamp(image_floor_ptr);
marble_floor_ptr->set_noise(noise_floor_ptr);
marble_floor_ptr->set_perturbation(floor_perturbation);
// transformed marble texture
InstanceTexture* wedge_marble_floor_ptr = new InstanceTexture(marble_floor_ptr);
set_rand_seed(j * 10);
wedge_marble_floor_ptr->scale(0.25);
wedge_marble_floor_ptr->rotate_x(20.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
wedge_marble_floor_ptr->rotate_y(30.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
wedge_marble_floor_ptr->rotate_z(45.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
wedge_marble_floor_ptr->translate(10.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0), 20.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0), 30.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
// material:
SV_Phong* sv_phong_floor_ptr = new SV_Phong;
sv_phong_floor_ptr->set_ka(0.25);
sv_phong_floor_ptr->set_kd(0.75);
sv_phong_floor_ptr->set_cd(wedge_marble_floor_ptr);
sv_phong_floor_ptr->set_ks(0.1);
sv_phong_floor_ptr->set_exp(20.0);
rosette_floor_ptr->store_material(sv_phong_floor_ptr, j); // store material in the specified wedge
}
rosette_floor_ptr->setup_cells();
add_object(rosette_floor_ptr);
1.2 磨边的box
花环floor之上是四个磨边的box组成的封闭框架。
Phong材质，4号砂岩纹理。
创建这么四个磨边的box的相关代码如下：
// noise:
CubicNoise* noise_bevel_b_platform_ptr = new CubicNoise;
noise_bevel_b_platform_ptr->set_num_octaves(6);
noise_bevel_b_platform_ptr->set_gain(2); // not relevant when num_octaves = 1
noise_bevel_b_platform_ptr->set_lacunarity(0.5); // not relevant when num_octaves = 1
// ramp image:
Image* image_bevel_b_platform_ptr = new Image;
image_bevel_b_platform_ptr->read_ppm_file(".\\TextureFiles\\ppm\\sandstone_ramp4.ppm");
// marble texture:
FBmTextureRamp* sandstone_bevel_b_platform_ptr = new FBmTextureRamp(image_bevel_b_platform_ptr);
sandstone_bevel_b_platform_ptr->set_noise(noise_bevel_b_platform_ptr);
sandstone_bevel_b_platform_ptr->set_perturbation(0.1);
// transformed sandstone texture
InstanceTexture* wedge_sandstone_bevel_b_platform_ptr = new InstanceTexture(sandstone_bevel_b_platform_ptr);
set_rand_seed(20);
wedge_sandstone_bevel_b_platform_ptr->scale(0.25);
wedge_sandstone_bevel_b_platform_ptr->rotate_x(20.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
wedge_sandstone_bevel_b_platform_ptr->rotate_y(30.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
wedge_sandstone_bevel_b_platform_ptr->rotate_z(45.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
wedge_sandstone_bevel_b_platform_ptr->translate(10.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0), 20.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0), 30.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
// material:
SV_Phong* sv_phong_bevel_b_platform_ptr = new SV_Phong;
sv_phong_bevel_b_platform_ptr->set_ka(0.25);
sv_phong_bevel_b_platform_ptr->set_kd(0.75);
sv_phong_bevel_b_platform_ptr->set_cd(wedge_sandstone_bevel_b_platform_ptr);
sv_phong_bevel_b_platform_ptr->set_ks(0.1);
sv_phong_bevel_b_platform_ptr->set_exp(20.0);
BeveledBox* bevel_b_platform_ptr1 = new BeveledBox(Point3D(-2.9, 0.1,-1.9), Point3D(-2.7, 0.3, 1.9), 0.1);
bevel_b_platform_ptr1->set_material(sv_phong_bevel_b_platform_ptr);
add_object(bevel_b_platform_ptr1);
BeveledBox* bevel_b_platform_ptr2 = new BeveledBox(Point3D( 2.7, 0.1,-1.9), Point3D( 2.9, 0.3, 1.9), 0.1);
bevel_b_platform_ptr2->set_material(sv_phong_bevel_b_platform_ptr);
add_object(bevel_b_platform_ptr2);
BeveledBox* bevel_b_platform_ptr3 = new BeveledBox(Point3D(-2.7, 0.1, 1.7), Point3D( 2.7, 0.3, 1.9), 0.1);
bevel_b_platform_ptr3->set_material(sv_phong_bevel_b_platform_ptr);
add_object(bevel_b_platform_ptr3);
BeveledBox* bevel_b_platform_ptr4 = new BeveledBox(Point3D(-2.7, 0.1,-1.9), Point3D( 2.7, 0.3, -1.7), 0.1);
bevel_b_platform_ptr4->set_material(sv_phong_bevel_b_platform_ptr);
add_object(bevel_b_platform_ptr4);这里需要注意的是：用于创建BeveledBox对象的两个顶点（第一个顶点是“最小顶点”，第二个顶点是“最大顶点”。第一个顶点的三个坐标值必须都比第三个顶点坐标的三个值药效。）
1.3 矩形
四个磨边的box组成的封闭框架中间嵌这一个矩形面。类似于“镶着边框的镜子”
glossy材质，wrapped的噪声纹理。
glossy的指数为1000，矩形面中的镜像比较模糊。
创建矩形的相关代码如下：
Rectangle* rectangle_platform_ptr = new Rectangle(Point3D(-2.7, 0.2, 1.7), Vector3D(5.4, 0, 0), Vector3D(0, 0, -3.4));
// noise:
CubicNoise* noise_rectangle_platform_ptr = new CubicNoise;
noise_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_num_octaves(8);
noise_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_gain(0.5);
noise_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_lacunarity(8.0);
FBmTextureWrapped* texture_rectangle_platform_ptr = new FBmTextureWrapped(noise_rectangle_platform_ptr);
texture_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_expansion_number(8.0);
texture_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_color(0.7, 1.0, 0.5); // light green
texture_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_min_value(0.0);
texture_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_max_value(1.0);
// textured material:
float exp_rectangle_platform = 1000.0;
SV_GlossyReflector* sv_glossy_rectangle_platform_ptr = new SV_GlossyReflector;
sv_glossy_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_samples(num_samples, exp_rectangle_platform);
sv_glossy_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_ka(0.1);
sv_glossy_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_kd(0.25);
sv_glossy_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_ks(0.1);
sv_glossy_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_exp(exp_rectangle_platform);
sv_glossy_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_cd(texture_rectangle_platform_ptr);
sv_glossy_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_kr(0.75);
sv_glossy_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_exponent(exp_rectangle_platform);
sv_glossy_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_cr(new ConstantColor(white));
Instance* instance_sc_rectangle_platform_ptr = new Instance(rectangle_platform_ptr);
instance_sc_rectangle_platform_ptr->set_material(sv_glossy_rectangle_platform_ptr);
add_object(instance_sc_rectangle_platform_ptr);2，第二部分：龙
“龙”卧在在矩形面上。
Phong材质，大理石纹理。
“龙”模型的创建和“Q102：光线追踪场景（2）——PLYs（多种模型汇集）”是一样的。之前的链接如下：
http://blog.csdn.net/libing_zeng/article/details/70176906
创建“龙”模型的相关代码如下：
////////////////////////////////////////dragon////////////////////////////////////////////////
char* file_dragon_name = ".\\PLYFiles\\dragon.ply";
Grid* grid_dragon_ptr = new Grid(new Mesh);
grid_dragon_ptr->read_smooth_triangles(file_dragon_name);
grid_dragon_ptr->setup_cells();
// noise:
CubicNoise* noise_dragon_ptr = new CubicNoise;
noise_dragon_ptr->set_num_octaves(6);
noise_dragon_ptr->set_gain(0.5);
noise_dragon_ptr->set_lacunarity(2.0);
// ramp image:
Image* image_dragon_ptr = new Image;
image_dragon_ptr->read_ppm_file(".\\TextureFiles\\ppm\\BlueMarbleRamp.ppm");
// marble texture:
FBmTextureRamp* marble_dragon_ptr = new FBmTextureRamp(image_dragon_ptr);
marble_dragon_ptr->set_noise(noise_dragon_ptr);
marble_dragon_ptr->set_perturbation(4.0);
InstanceTexture* it_dragon_ptr = new InstanceTexture(marble_dragon_ptr);
it_dragon_ptr->scale(0.05);
// it_dragon_ptr->rotate_z(110);
// it_dragon_ptr->translate(1.0, 4.0, 0.0);
// material:
SV_Phong* sv_phong_dragon_ptr = new SV_Phong;
sv_phong_dragon_ptr->set_ka(0.25);
sv_phong_dragon_ptr->set_kd(0.75);
sv_phong_dragon_ptr->set_cd(it_dragon_ptr);
sv_phong_dragon_ptr->set_ks(0.1);
sv_phong_dragon_ptr->set_exp(20.0);
Instance* instance_dragon_ptr = new Instance(grid_dragon_ptr);
instance_dragon_ptr->scale(20, 10, 20);
instance_dragon_ptr->translate(0, -0.3, 0);
instance_dragon_ptr->set_material(sv_phong_dragon_ptr);
add_object(instance_dragon_ptr);3，第三部分：柱子（pillars）
“柱子”是由若干个“Rosette”叠加而成的。
Phong材质，3号砂岩纹理
相关参数：
柱子底的位置y0_p、柱子顶的位置y1_p、组成柱子的Rosette的个数rosette_num_pillar、磨边Rosette的三个参数（hole_radius_p、 ring_width_p、rb_p）、场景中柱子的根数pillar_num、所有柱子的起始角度和终止角度（pillar_angle_start、pillar_angle_end）。
由如上参数，我们可以计算：
1，两根柱子间的角度范围pillar_angle_width = (pillar_angle_end - pillar_angle_start) / pillar_num；
2，单个Rosette的高度rosette_height = (y1_p - y0_p) / rosette_num_pillar；
3，第pi跟柱子对应的角度phi0_pillar = (pillar_angle_start + pillar_angle_width * pi) * PI_ON_180；
从而，可以计算得到每根柱子位置的x、z坐标：
pillar_center_x = - (hole_radius_p + ring_width_p + r0_s) * sin((phi0_pillar-1e-6));
pillar_center_z = (hole_radius_p + ring_width_p + r0_s) * cos((phi0_pillar-1e-6));
4，单根柱子中第ri个Rosette的上下底的位置：
rosette_y0_temp = y0_p + ri*rosette_height;
rosette_y1_temp = rosette_y0_temp + rosette_height;
这样创建Rosette对象所需的参数就齐啦。
（3、4中对应两个for循环：3中根据柱子编号pi循环；4中根据单个柱子中Rosette的编号循环）。
创建“柱子”的相关代码如下：（随机砂岩纹理的设置和Rosette中随机大理石纹理的设置相似）
////////////////////////////////////////pillar, Rosette///////////////////////////////////////
// rosette parameters
int num_rings_p = 1; // maximum of 6
float hole_radius_p = 0.05;
float ring_width_p = 0.25;
float rb_p = 0.02; // bevel radius
float y0_p = 0.3; // minimum y value
float y1_p = 3.7; // minimum y value
int pillar_num = 4;
double pillar_angle_start = -45;
double pillar_angle_end = 315;
double pillar_angle_width = (pillar_angle_end - pillar_angle_start) / pillar_num;
int rosette_num_pillar = 20;
double rosette_height = (y1_p - y0_p) / rosette_num_pillar;
for (int pi=0; pi<=pillar_num; pi++) {
double phi0_pillar = (pillar_angle_start + pillar_angle_width * pi) * PI_ON_180;
double pillar_center_x = - (hole_radius_p + ring_width_p + r0_s) * sin((phi0_pillar-1e-6));
double pillar_center_z = (hole_radius_p + ring_width_p + r0_s) * cos((phi0_pillar-1e-6));
for (int ri=0; ri<rosette_num_pillar; ri++) {
double rosette_y0_temp = y0_p + ri*rosette_height;
double rosette_y1_temp = rosette_y0_temp + rosette_height;
Rosette* rosette_pillar_ptr = new Rosette(num_rings_p, hole_radius_p, ring_width_p, rb_p, rosette_y0_temp, rosette_y1_temp);
// put a different random marble texture on each wedge
// ramp image:
Image* image_rp_ptr = new Image;
image_rp_ptr->read_ppm_file(".\\TextureFiles\\ppm\\sandstone_ramp3.ppm");
// marble texture parameters
int num_octaves_rp = 4;
float lacunarity_rp = 2.0;
float gain_rp = 0.5;
float perturbation_rp = 0.1;
int num_objects_rp = rosette_pillar_ptr->get_num_objects();
for (int rpj = 0; rpj < num_objects_rp; rpj++) {
// noise:
CubicNoise* noise_rp_ptr = new CubicNoise;
noise_rp_ptr->set_num_octaves(num_octaves_rp);
noise_rp_ptr->set_gain(gain_rp); // not relevant when num_octaves = 1
noise_rp_ptr->set_lacunarity(lacunarity_rp); // not relevant when num_octaves = 1
// marble texture:
FBmTextureRamp* sandstone_rp_ptr = new FBmTextureRamp(image_rp_ptr);
sandstone_rp_ptr->set_noise(noise_rp_ptr);
sandstone_rp_ptr->set_perturbation(perturbation_rp);
// transformed marble texture
InstanceTexture* wedge_sandstone_rp_ptr = new InstanceTexture(sandstone_rp_ptr);
set_rand_seed(rpj * 10);
wedge_sandstone_rp_ptr->scale(0.25);
wedge_sandstone_rp_ptr->rotate_x(20.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
wedge_sandstone_rp_ptr->rotate_y(30.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
wedge_sandstone_rp_ptr->rotate_z(45.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
wedge_sandstone_rp_ptr->translate(10.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0), 20.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0), 30.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
// material:
SV_Phong* sv_phong_rp_ptr = new SV_Phong;
sv_phong_rp_ptr->set_ka(0.25);
sv_phong_rp_ptr->set_kd(0.75);
sv_phong_rp_ptr->set_cd(wedge_sandstone_rp_ptr);
sv_phong_rp_ptr->set_ks(0.1);
sv_phong_rp_ptr->set_exp(20.0);
rosette_pillar_ptr->store_material(sv_phong_rp_ptr, rpj); // store material in the specified wedge
}
rosette_pillar_ptr->setup_cells();
Instance* instance_rp_ptr = new Instance(rosette_pillar_ptr);
instance_rp_ptr->translate(pillar_center_x, 0, pillar_center_z);
add_object(instance_rp_ptr);
}
}4，第四部分：门
整个墙面就是由若干个这样的门拼接而成。
如上图，每一扇门是由很多个“基本部分”组成。
每一个“基本部分”都是一个“磨边的楔形（Beveled Wedge）”。
只是每个磨边楔形的形状、大小、材质、纹理不一样。
每一扇门被称为一个“unit”。假设每个unit为5个单位长度，那么设置该unit中每个wedge的相关参数如下：
double _wall_width = 0.5;
double _frame_width = 0.1;
double _window_width = 0.8;
double _door_width = 0.95;
double _gap_width = 0.1;
double unit = 5.0; // (wall+frame+window+frame+door)*2+gap
double _wall_width_rate = _wall_width / unit;
double _frame_width_rate = _frame_width / unit;
double _window_width_rate = _window_width / unit;
double _door_width_rate = _door_width / unit;
double _gap_width_rate = _gap_width / unit;
int unit_num = 10;
double angle_start = 0; // -90,270
double angle_end = 360;
double unit_angle_width = (angle_end - angle_start) / unit_num;
double _wall_angle_width = _wall_width_rate * unit_angle_width;
double _frame_angle_width = _frame_width_rate * unit_angle_width;
double _window_angle_width = _window_width_rate * unit_angle_width;
double _door_angle_width = _door_width_rate * unit_angle_width;
double _gap_angle_width = _gap_width_rate * unit_angle_width;
double y10_unit = 0.3; // bottom of the unit
double y11_unit = 3.7; // top of the unit
double y20_unit = 0.3; // the height of frame is 0.1
double y21_unit = 0.4;
double y30_unit = 0.4; // the height of window is 1
double y31_unit = 1.4;
double y40_unit = 1.4;
double y41_unit = 1.5;
double y50_unit = 1.5;
double y51_unit = 2.5;
double y60_unit = 2.5;
double y61_unit = 2.6;
double y70_unit = 2.6;
double y71_unit = 3.6;
double y80_unit = 3.6;
double y81_unit = 3.7;
double r10_unit = 6.9; // inner radius for phong material objects: wall, frame
double r11_unit = 7.0; // outer radius for phong material objects: wall, frame
double r20_unit = 6.94; // inner radius for glossy material objects: door, window
double r21_unit = 6.96; // outer radius for glossy material objects: door, window
double rb1_unit = 0.01; // beveled radius for phong material objects
double rb2_unit = 0.005; // beveled radius for glossy material objects前面已经提到过，每个unit中涉及到各种材质和纹理：
墙面：Phong材质，1号砂岩纹理；
纵向门框：Phong材质，纵向木纹纹理；
横向门框：Phong材质，横向木纹纹理；
门体、窗户：glossy材质（指数设置为100000），无纹理；
相关代码如下：
//---------------------------------------------wall material-----------------------------------
// noise:
CubicNoise* noise_wall_ptr1 = new CubicNoise;
noise_wall_ptr1->set_num_octaves(6);
noise_wall_ptr1->set_gain(0.5); // not relevant when num_octaves = 1
noise_wall_ptr1->set_lacunarity(2.0); // not relevant when num_octaves = 1
// ramp image:
Image* image_wall_ptr1 = new Image;
// image_wall_ptr1->read_ppm_file(".\\TextureFiles\\ppm\\BlueMarbleRamp.ppm");
image_wall_ptr1->read_ppm_file(".\\TextureFiles\\ppm\\sandstone_ramp1.ppm");
// marble texture:
FBmTextureRamp* marble_wall_ptr1 = new FBmTextureRamp(image_wall_ptr1);
marble_wall_ptr1->set_noise(noise_wall_ptr1);
marble_wall_ptr1->set_perturbation(0.2);
InstanceTexture* it_wall_ptr1 = new InstanceTexture(marble_wall_ptr1);
it_wall_ptr1->scale(0.5);
it_wall_ptr1->rotate_z(110);
it_wall_ptr1->translate(1.0, 4.0, 0.0);
// material:
SV_Phong* sv_phong_wall_ptr1 = new SV_Phong;
sv_phong_wall_ptr1->set_ka(0.25);
sv_phong_wall_ptr1->set_kd(0.75);
sv_phong_wall_ptr1->set_cd(it_wall_ptr1);
sv_phong_wall_ptr1->set_ks(0.1);
sv_phong_wall_ptr1->set_exp(20.0);
//---------------------------------------------vertical frame material-----------------------------------
// wood texture
RGBColor frame_light_color1(0.8274, 0.5059, 0.2392);
RGBColor frame_dark_color1(0.05);
Wood* wood_frame_ptr1 = new Wood(frame_light_color1, frame_dark_color1);
wood_frame_ptr1->set_grainy(1.0);
wood_frame_ptr1->set_ringy(1.0);
InstanceTexture* transformed_wood_frame_ptr1 = new InstanceTexture(wood_frame_ptr1);
set_rand_seed(40);
transformed_wood_frame_ptr1->scale(0.4);
transformed_wood_frame_ptr1->rotate_x(20.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
transformed_wood_frame_ptr1->rotate_y(30.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
transformed_wood_frame_ptr1->rotate_z(45.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
// material:
SV_Phong* sv_phong_frame_ptr1 = new SV_Phong;
sv_phong_frame_ptr1->set_ka(0.25);
sv_phong_frame_ptr1->set_kd(0.75);
sv_phong_frame_ptr1->set_cd(transformed_wood_frame_ptr1);
sv_phong_frame_ptr1->set_ks(0.1);
sv_phong_frame_ptr1->set_exp(20.0);
//---------------------------------------------horizontal frame material-----------------------------------
// wood texture
RGBColor frame_light_color2(0.8274, 0.5059, 0.2392);
RGBColor frame_dark_color2(0.05);
Wood* wood_frame_ptr2 = new Wood(frame_light_color2, frame_dark_color2);
wood_frame_ptr2->set_grainy(1.0);
wood_frame_ptr2->set_ringy(1.0);
InstanceTexture* transformed_wood_frame_ptr2 = new InstanceTexture(wood_frame_ptr2);
set_rand_seed(80);
transformed_wood_frame_ptr2->scale(0.8);
transformed_wood_frame_ptr2->rotate_x(20.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
transformed_wood_frame_ptr2->rotate_y(30.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
transformed_wood_frame_ptr2->rotate_z(45.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
// material:
SV_Phong* sv_phong_frame_ptr2 = new SV_Phong;
sv_phong_frame_ptr2->set_ka(0.25);
sv_phong_frame_ptr2->set_kd(0.75);
sv_phong_frame_ptr2->set_cd(transformed_wood_frame_ptr2);
sv_phong_frame_ptr2->set_ks(0.1);
sv_phong_frame_ptr2->set_exp(20.0);
//---------------------------------------------window material-----------------------------------
// textured material:
float exp_window = 100000.0; // 10000
SV_GlossyReflector* sv_glossy_window_ptr = new SV_GlossyReflector;
sv_glossy_window_ptr->set_samples(num_samples, exp_window);
sv_glossy_window_ptr->set_ka(0.1);
sv_glossy_window_ptr->set_kd(0.25);
sv_glossy_window_ptr->set_ks(0.1);
sv_glossy_window_ptr->set_exp(exp_window);
sv_glossy_window_ptr->set_cd(new ConstantColor(RGBColor(0.5)));
sv_glossy_window_ptr->set_kr(0.75);
sv_glossy_window_ptr->set_exponent(exp_window);
sv_glossy_window_ptr->set_cr(new ConstantColor(white));接下来就是：
几何构建整个unit；
设置相应的材质和纹理。
for (int ui=0; ui<unit_num; ui++) {
double phi0_unit = angle_start + unit_angle_width * ui;
double phi1_unit = angle_start + unit_angle_width * (ui+1);
double phi0_wall1 = phi0_unit;
double phi1_wall1 = phi0_wall1 + _wall_angle_width;
BeveledWedge* wedge_wall_ptr1 = new BeveledWedge(y10_unit, y11_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_wall1 , phi1_wall1);
wedge_wall_ptr1->set_material(sv_phong_wall_ptr1);
add_object(wedge_wall_ptr1);
double phi0_frame11 = phi1_wall1;
double phi1_frame11 = phi1_wall1 + _frame_angle_width;
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame11_ptr = new BeveledWedge(y10_unit, y11_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame11 , phi1_frame11);
wedge_frame11_ptr->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr1);
add_object(wedge_frame11_ptr);
double phi0_frame21 = phi1_frame11;
double phi1_frame21 = phi0_frame21 + _window_angle_width;
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame21_ptr1 = new BeveledWedge(y20_unit, y21_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame21 , phi1_frame21);
wedge_frame21_ptr1->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame21_ptr1);
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame21_ptr2 = new BeveledWedge(y40_unit, y41_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame21 , phi1_frame21);
wedge_frame21_ptr2->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame21_ptr2);
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame21_ptr3 = new BeveledWedge(y60_unit, y61_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame21 , phi1_frame21);
wedge_frame21_ptr3->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame21_ptr3);
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame21_ptr4 = new BeveledWedge(y80_unit, y81_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame21 , phi1_frame21);
wedge_frame21_ptr4->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame21_ptr4);
BeveledWedge* wedge_window_ptr1 = new BeveledWedge(y30_unit, y31_unit, r20_unit, r21_unit, rb2_unit, phi0_frame21 , phi1_frame21);
wedge_window_ptr1->set_material(sv_glossy_window_ptr);
add_object(wedge_window_ptr1);
BeveledWedge* wedge_window_ptr2 = new BeveledWedge(y50_unit, y51_unit, r20_unit, r21_unit, rb2_unit, phi0_frame21 , phi1_frame21);
wedge_window_ptr2->set_material(sv_glossy_window_ptr);
add_object(wedge_window_ptr2);
BeveledWedge* wedge_window_ptr3 = new BeveledWedge(y70_unit, y71_unit, r20_unit, r21_unit, rb2_unit, phi0_frame21 , phi1_frame21);
wedge_window_ptr3->set_material(sv_glossy_window_ptr);
add_object(wedge_window_ptr3);
double phi0_frame12 = phi1_frame21;
double phi1_frame12 = phi0_frame12 + _frame_angle_width;
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame12_ptr = new BeveledWedge(y10_unit, y11_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame12 , phi1_frame12);
wedge_frame12_ptr->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr1);
add_object(wedge_frame12_ptr);
double phi0_frame22 = phi1_frame12;
double phi1_frame22 = phi0_frame22 + _door_angle_width;
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame22_ptr1 = new BeveledWedge(y20_unit, y21_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame22 , phi1_frame22);
wedge_frame22_ptr1->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame22_ptr1);
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame22_ptr2 = new BeveledWedge(y60_unit, y61_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame22 , phi1_frame22);
wedge_frame22_ptr2->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame22_ptr2);
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame22_ptr3 = new BeveledWedge(y80_unit, y81_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame22 , phi1_frame22);
wedge_frame22_ptr3->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame22_ptr3);
BeveledWedge* wedge_door_ptr1 = new BeveledWedge(y30_unit, y51_unit, r20_unit, r21_unit, rb2_unit, phi0_frame22 , phi1_frame22);
wedge_door_ptr1->set_material(sv_glossy_window_ptr);
add_object(wedge_door_ptr1);
BeveledWedge* wedge_window2_ptr1 = new BeveledWedge(y70_unit, y71_unit, r20_unit, r21_unit, rb2_unit, phi0_frame22 , phi1_frame22);
wedge_window2_ptr1->set_material(sv_glossy_window_ptr);
add_object(wedge_window2_ptr1);
double phi0_frame13 = phi1_frame22;
double phi1_frame13 = phi0_frame13 + _gap_angle_width;
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame13_ptr = new BeveledWedge(y60_unit, y81_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame13 , phi1_frame13);
wedge_frame13_ptr->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr1);
add_object(wedge_frame13_ptr);
double phi0_frame23 = phi1_frame13;
double phi1_frame23 = phi0_frame23 + _door_angle_width;
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame23_ptr1 = new BeveledWedge(y20_unit, y21_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame23 , phi1_frame23);
wedge_frame23_ptr1->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame23_ptr1);
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame23_ptr2 = new BeveledWedge(y60_unit, y61_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame23 , phi1_frame23);
wedge_frame23_ptr2->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame23_ptr2);
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame23_ptr3 = new BeveledWedge(y80_unit, y81_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame23 , phi1_frame23);
wedge_frame23_ptr3->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame23_ptr3);
BeveledWedge* wedge_door_ptr2 = new BeveledWedge(y30_unit, y51_unit, r20_unit, r21_unit, rb2_unit, phi0_frame23 , phi1_frame23);
wedge_door_ptr2->set_material(sv_glossy_window_ptr);
add_object(wedge_door_ptr2);
BeveledWedge* wedge_window3_ptr1 = new BeveledWedge(y70_unit, y71_unit, r20_unit, r21_unit, rb2_unit, phi0_frame23 , phi1_frame23);
wedge_window3_ptr1->set_material(sv_glossy_window_ptr);
add_object(wedge_window3_ptr1);
double phi0_frame14 = phi1_frame23;
double phi1_frame14 = phi0_frame14 + _frame_angle_width;
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame14_ptr = new BeveledWedge(y10_unit, y11_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame14 , phi1_frame14);
wedge_frame14_ptr->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr1);
add_object(wedge_frame14_ptr);
double phi0_frame24 = phi1_frame14;
double phi1_frame24 = phi0_frame24 + _window_angle_width;
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame24_ptr1 = new BeveledWedge(y20_unit, y21_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame24 , phi1_frame24);
wedge_frame24_ptr1->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame24_ptr1);
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame24_ptr2 = new BeveledWedge(y40_unit, y41_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame24 , phi1_frame24);
wedge_frame24_ptr2->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame24_ptr2);
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame24_ptr3 = new BeveledWedge(y60_unit, y61_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame24 , phi1_frame24);
wedge_frame24_ptr3->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame24_ptr3);
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame24_ptr4 = new BeveledWedge(y80_unit, y81_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame24 , phi1_frame24);
wedge_frame24_ptr4->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr2);
add_object(wedge_frame24_ptr4);
BeveledWedge* wedge_window4_ptr1 = new BeveledWedge(y30_unit, y31_unit, r20_unit, r21_unit, rb2_unit, phi0_frame24 , phi1_frame24);
wedge_window4_ptr1->set_material(sv_glossy_window_ptr);
add_object(wedge_window4_ptr1);
BeveledWedge* wedge_window4_ptr2 = new BeveledWedge(y50_unit, y51_unit, r20_unit, r21_unit, rb2_unit, phi0_frame24 , phi1_frame24);
wedge_window4_ptr2->set_material(sv_glossy_window_ptr);
add_object(wedge_window4_ptr2);
BeveledWedge* wedge_window4_ptr3 = new BeveledWedge(y70_unit, y71_unit, r20_unit, r21_unit, rb2_unit, phi0_frame24 , phi1_frame24);
wedge_window4_ptr3->set_material(sv_glossy_window_ptr);
add_object(wedge_window4_ptr3);
double phi0_frame15 = phi1_frame24;
double phi1_frame15 = phi0_frame15 + _frame_angle_width;
BeveledWedge* wedge_frame15_ptr = new BeveledWedge(y10_unit, y11_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_frame15 , phi1_frame15);
wedge_frame15_ptr->set_material(sv_phong_frame_ptr1);
add_object(wedge_frame15_ptr);
double phi0_wall2 = phi1_frame15;
double phi1_wall2 = phi1_unit;
BeveledWedge* wedge_wall_ptr2 = new BeveledWedge(y10_unit, y11_unit, r10_unit, r11_unit, rb1_unit, phi0_wall2 , phi1_wall2);
wedge_wall_ptr2->set_material(sv_phong_wall_ptr1);
add_object(wedge_wall_ptr2);
}5，第五部分：台阶、房顶
这个可以理解问层级数为1的Rosette。
Phong材质，4号砂岩纹理。
创建台阶、房顶的相关代码如下：
////////////////////////////////////////steps and roof, Wedge///////////////////////////////////////
double angle_start_s = 0;
double angle_end_s = 360;
int num_wedges = 9;
double y0_s = - 0.1;
double y1_s = 0.3;
double rb_s = 0.025;
double y0_r = 3.7;
double y1_r = 4.1;
double r0_s = 5.0;
double r1_s = 7.0;
for (int sj = 0; sj < num_wedges; sj++) {
double angle_width = (angle_end_s - angle_start_s) / num_wedges; // the azimuth angle extent of each wedge
double phi0_s = angle_start_s + sj * angle_width;
double phi1_s = phi0_s + angle_width;
BeveledWedge* wedge_steps_ptr = new BeveledWedge(y0_s, y1_s, r0_s, r1_s, rb_s, phi0_s , phi1_s);
BeveledWedge* wedge_roof_ptr = new BeveledWedge(y0_r, y1_r, r0_s, r1_s, rb_s, phi0_s , phi1_s);
// noise:
CubicNoise* noise_step_ptr = new CubicNoise;
noise_step_ptr->set_num_octaves(6);
noise_step_ptr->set_gain(2); // not relevant when num_octaves = 1
noise_step_ptr->set_lacunarity(0.5); // not relevant when num_octaves = 1
// ramp image:
Image* image_step_ptr = new Image;
image_step_ptr->read_ppm_file(".\\TextureFiles\\ppm\\sandstone_ramp4.ppm");
// marble texture:
FBmTextureRamp* sandstone_step_ptr = new FBmTextureRamp(image_step_ptr);
sandstone_step_ptr->set_noise(noise_step_ptr);
sandstone_step_ptr->set_perturbation(0.1);
// transformed sandstone texture
InstanceTexture* wedge_sandstone_step_ptr = new InstanceTexture(sandstone_step_ptr);
set_rand_seed(20);
wedge_sandstone_step_ptr->scale(0.25);
wedge_sandstone_step_ptr->rotate_x(20.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
wedge_sandstone_step_ptr->rotate_y(30.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
wedge_sandstone_step_ptr->rotate_z(45.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
wedge_sandstone_step_ptr->translate(10.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0), 20.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0), 30.0 * (2.0 * rand_float() - 1.0));
// material:
SV_Phong* sv_phong_step_ptr = new SV_Phong;
sv_phong_step_ptr->set_ka(0.25);
sv_phong_step_ptr->set_kd(0.75);
sv_phong_step_ptr->set_cd(wedge_sandstone_step_ptr);
sv_phong_step_ptr->set_ks(0.1);
sv_phong_step_ptr->set_exp(20.0);
wedge_steps_ptr->set_material(sv_phong_step_ptr);
add_object(wedge_steps_ptr);
wedge_roof_ptr->set_material(sv_phong_step_ptr);
add_object(wedge_roof_ptr);
}6，天空
凹半球面，Phong材质，图片映射
创建相关的代码：
////////////////////////////////////////sky, SpherePartConcave///////////////////////////////////////
SpherePartConcave* spc_sky_ptr = new SpherePartConcave(Point3D(0, 0, 0), 1, 0, 360, 0, 90);
// image:
Image* image_sky_ptr = new Image;
// image_sky_ptr->read_ppm_file(".\\TextureFiles\\ppm\\MorningSky.ppm");
image_sky_ptr->read_ppm_file(".\\TextureFiles\\ppm\\EveningSky.ppm");
// image based texture:
ImageTexture* texture_image_sky_ptr = new ImageTexture;
texture_image_sky_ptr->set_image(image_sky_ptr);
InstanceTexture* it_image_sky_ptr = new InstanceTexture(texture_image_sky_ptr);
it_image_sky_ptr->scale(1000000);
// material:
SV_Phong* sv_phong_sky_ptr = new SV_Phong;
sv_phong_sky_ptr->set_ka(0.1);
sv_phong_sky_ptr->set_kd(0.25);
sv_phong_sky_ptr->set_cd(texture_image_sky_ptr);
sv_phong_sky_ptr->set_ks(0.1);
sv_phong_sky_ptr->set_exp(20.0);
Instance* instance_spc_sky_ptr = new Instance(spc_sky_ptr);
instance_spc_sky_ptr->scale(1000000);
instance_spc_sky_ptr->rotate_x(-5);
// instance_spc_sky_ptr->translate(0, -1000, 0);
instance_spc_sky_ptr->set_material(sv_phong_sky_ptr);
add_object(instance_spc_sky_ptr);7，World::build()中的其他设置
int num_samples = 16;
int a = 1;
vp.set_hres(1000/a);
vp.set_vres(500/a);
vp.set_samples(num_samples);
tracer_ptr = new Whitted(this);
Pinhole* pinhole_ptr = new Pinhole;
pinhole_ptr->set_eye(0.0, 2.6, 6.8);
pinhole_ptr->set_lookat(0.0, 0.0, -8);
pinhole_ptr->set_view_distance(600/a);
pinhole_ptr->compute_uvw();
set_camera(pinhole_ptr);
PointLight* point_light_ptr1 = new PointLight;
point_light_ptr1->set_location(0, 3, -5);
point_light_ptr1->scale_radiance(2.0);
point_light_ptr1->set_cast_shadow(true);
add_light(point_light_ptr1);
PointLight* point_light_ptr2 = new PointLight;
point_light_ptr2->set_location(0, 3, 5);
point_light_ptr2->scale_radiance(2.0);
point_light_ptr2->set_cast_shadow(true);
add_light(point_light_ptr2);
8，测试图形
8.1 pinhole_ptr->set_view_distance(200/a);
分辨率1000*500，单像素点采样16次，耗时13898s。
8.2 pinhole_ptr->set_view_distance(400/a);
分辨率1000*500，单像素点采样16次，耗时12650s。
8.3 pinhole_ptr->set_view_distance(600/a);
分辨率1000*500，单像素点采样16次，耗时13778s。
8.4 pinhole_ptr->set_view_distance(800/a);
分辨率1000*500，单像素点采样16次，耗时12568s。
8.5 改变门的起始、终止角度
前面对应的角度都是：
double angle_start = 0;
double angle_end = 360;
现在将角度改为：
double angle_start = -90;
double angle_end = 270;
发现门的位置发生了旋转。其实对于柱子、台阶和房顶，都可以通过改变其对应的起始、终止角度来改变其在场景中所处的位置。
9，其他说明
完整代码下载链接：
http://download.csdn.net/detail/libing_zeng/9816036
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