Raspbian命令行安装指定版本picamera2

1. 源由

• OV5647与树莓派bullseye 64bit的兼容性问题
• Can’t access video WebGUI #234

上面的问题，主要还是树莓派上查找摄像头设备出现异常的问题。目前基本已经定位到是picamera2的兼容性问题。

因此，我们需要了解如何卸载、安装、安装指定版本的picamera2，进而再指定OS下安装特定版本，从而解决上述问题。

2. 卸载、升级、安装

注：pip 可以替换为pip3，具体看python当前环境，本机默认是python3。

2.1 查看

$ pip list | grep picamera2

2.2 卸载

$ pip uninstall picamera2

2.3 升级

$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip

2.4 安装

$ pip install picamera2

安装指定版本：

$ pip install picamera2==<版本号>

3. OS指定版本安装

$ nano ./install_picamera2.sh
$ chmod +x install_picamera2.sh
$ cat ./install_picamera2.sh
#!/bin/bash

# Function to detect the OS version
detect_os() {
    if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
        . /etc/os-release
        OS=$NAME
        VERSION=$VERSION_ID
    else
        echo "OS detection not supported. Exiting."
        exit 1
    fi
}

# Function to install picamera2 for Bullseye
install_bullseye() {
    echo "Installing picamera2=0.3.12 for Bullseye..."
    pip install picamera2==0.3.12
}

# Function to install picamera2 for Bookworm
install_bookworm() {
    echo "Installing picamera2 for Bookworm..."
    pip install picamera2
}

# Main script
detect_os

echo "Detected OS: $OS"
echo "Detected Version: $VERSION"

# picamera2 needs libcap
sudo apt-get install libcap-dev

if [[ $OS == "Debian GNU/Linux" || $OS == "Raspbian GNU/Linux" ]]; then
    case $VERSION in
        "11")
            install_bullseye
            ;;
        "12")
            install_bookworm
            ;;
        *)
            echo "Unsupported Debian/Raspbian version: $VERSION. Exiting."
            exit 1
            ;;
    esac
else
    echo "Unsupported OS: $OS. Exiting."
    exit 1
fi

echo "Installation complete."

4. 补充 - 安装异常

 Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [1 lines of output]
      You need to install libcap development headers to build this module
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

需要提前安装 libcap 开发头文件：

$ sudo apt-get install libcap-dev