Move在线IDE
基本数据类型
只包括 无符号整型、布尔型、地址 3种类型,没有像其它语言中有字符串类型。
数据类型 | 数据类型表示符号 |
---|---|
无符号整型 | u8, u64, u128 |
布尔类型 | bool |
地址类型 | address, ex: Std, 0x1, Sender |
变量定义(4种定义方式)
1、let a = 10;
2、let a:u8 = 10;
3、let a = 10u8;
4、let a: u8; a = 10;
script {
use 0x1::Debug;
fun main() {
// unsigned integer
let a1 = 10;
let a2: u8 = 255;
let a3 = 65535u64;
let a4: u128;
a4 = 9223372036854775807;
Debug::print(&a1);
Debug::print(&a2);
Debug::print(&a3);
Debug::print(&a4);
// bool type
let b1 = true;
let b2: bool = false;
let b3: bool;
b3 = true;
Debug::print(&b1);
Debug::print(&b2);
Debug::print(&b3);
// address type
let c1 = @Std;
let c2: address = @Std;
let c3:address;
c3 = @0x1;
Debug::print(&c1);
Debug::print(&c2);
Debug::print(&c3);
}
}
地址可以使用名称或地址值表示,如下图所示:
常量(全局)
首字母必须是大写的A ~ Z,定义在module或script内
const PI:u64 = 314;
变量(局部)
首字母必须是小写的a~z,定义在函数内
let i = 1;
函数
script中只能有一个函数
- 函数原型
[public] fun function_name(param1:Type, ...): ReturnType {
//function body
[return] xx //此行不加分号
}
- 函数说明
(1)参数可以为0个或多个
(2)返回值可以是0个或多个,多于1个返回值时,使用括号(), 如(u8, bool)
(3)访问权限没有public时仅限于module内部访问
(4)返回值表达式语句后不能加分号,可以不加return
(5)注释不能使用中文
module 0x1::Math{
public fun sum(a:u8, b:u8) : u64 {
(a as u64) + (b as u64) //return without semicolon
}
}
script {
use 0x1::Debug;
use 0x1::Math;
fun test_fun(a:u8, b:u8) {
let result = Math::sum(a,b);
Debug::print(&result);
}
}
条件语句与循环语句
注:条件语句if与循环语句while在{}后要加分号;
module 0x1::Math{
public fun sum(count: u64) : u64 {
let i = 0;
let result = 0;
while (i <= count) {
i = i + 1;
if ( i % 2 == 0) continue;
result = result + i;
};
return result
}
}
abort和assert
(1)abort
abort 0; //终止执行,恢复事务
script {
use Std::Debug;
fun test_abort() {
let age = 15;
Debug::print(&age);
abort 0;
Debug::print(&age);
}
}
输出结果:
debug: 15
Execution aborted with code 0 in transaction script
(2)assert
assert!(条件表达式, 错误码); //封装了abort,条件不满足时执行
script {
use Std::Debug;
fun test_assert() {
let age = 15;
Debug::print(&age);
assert!(age == 20, 1001);
Debug::print(&age);
}
}
输出结果:
debug: 15
Execution aborted with code 1001 in transaction script
引用
&mut 可变引用, 变量可修改
& 不可变引用,即变量不可修改
module Std::Utils{
public fun swap(a:&mut u8, b:&mut u8) {
let temp = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = temp;
}
}
script {
use Std::Debug;
use Std::Utils;
fun test_swap() {
let (a, b) = (2,5);
Debug::print(&a);
Debug::print(&b);
Utils::swap(&mut a, &mut b);
Debug::print(&a);
Debug::print(&b);
}
}
泛型
fun function_name<T>(param: T,...)
module 0x1::Utils{
use 0x1::Debug;
public fun print<T:drop>(a: T) {
Debug::print(&a);
}
}
script {
use 0x1::Utils;
fun test_generic() {
let a = 10u8;
Utils::print<u8>(a);
Utils::print(a);
let b = true;
Utils::print(b);
let c = @Std;
Utils::print(c);
}
}
输出结果:
debug: 10
debug: 10
debug: true
debug: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
Gas used: 18
Vector(泛型容器)
script {
use 0x1::Utils;
use 0x1::Vector;
fun test_vector() {
let a = b"hello, world";
Utils::print(a);
let v = Vector::empty<u8>();
Vector::push_back<u8>(&mut v, 10);
Vector::push_back(&mut v, 20);
Vector::push_back(&mut v, 30);
Vector::push_back(&mut v, 40);
Vector::push_back(&mut v, 50);
Utils::print(v);
Vector::pop_back(&mut v);
Utils::print(v);
Vector::remove(&mut v, 2);
Utils::print(v);
Vector::swap(&mut v, 0, 1);
Utils::print(v);
Vector::swap_remove(&mut v, 0);
Utils::print(v);
let b = 10;
let (flag, index) = Vector::index_of<u8>(&v, &b);
Utils::print(flag);
Utils::print(index);
b = 20;
let isExist = Vector::contains(&v, &b);
Utils::print(isExist);
Vector::reverse(&mut v);
Utils::print(v);
let c = Vector::borrow(&v, 0);
//*c = 90; //inmutable
Utils::print(*c);
let d = Vector::borrow_mut(&mut v, 0);
*d = 90;
Utils::print(*d);
let v2 = Vector::empty<u8>();
Vector::append<u8>(&mut v2, v);
Utils::print(v2);
let count = Vector::length(&v2);
Utils::print(count);
}
}
输出结果:
debug: (&) [104, 101, 108, 108, 111, 44, 32, 119, 111, 114, 108, 100]
debug: (&) [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
debug: (&) [10, 20, 30, 40]
debug: (&) [10, 20, 40]
debug: (&) [20, 10, 40]
debug: (&) [40, 10]
debug: true
debug: 1
debug: false
debug: (&) [10, 40]
debug: 10
debug: 90
debug: (&) [90, 40]
debug: 2
Gas used: 195
Move类型的能力
copy 可被复制(基本类型自带此能力)
drop 可被丢弃(基本类型自带此能力)
key 可作为键值
store 可存储到全局状态(基本类型自带此能力)
自定义结构(struct)
定义:
struct Stuct_name [ has ability ] {
field_name: type,
...
field_name: type
}
说明:
结构体名称首字母大写
字段数量在0~65535
结构体不可递归
address 0x1{
module person {
struct Person has drop, copy {
id: u64,
age: u8,
sex: bool //without comma
}
public fun new_person(_id:u64, _age:u8, _sex:bool) : Person {
return Person {
id: _id,
age: _age,
sex: _sex, //with comma
}
}
public fun getId(p: Person) : u64 {
return p.id
}
public fun getAge(p: Person) : u8 {
return p.age
}
public fun getSex(p: Person) : bool {
return p.sex
}
}
}
script {
use 0x1::Debug;
use 0x1::person;
fun test_struct(){
let p = person::new_person(110111, 20, true);
let id = person::getId(p);
let age = person::getAge(p);
let sex = person::getSex(p);
Debug::print(&id);
Debug::print(&age);
Debug::print(&sex);
}
}
输出结果:
debug: 110111
debug: 20
debug: true
Gas used: 21
泛型结构
Move所有权
每个变量都有所有权,所有权的属主是作用域
- move 属主转移
- copy 拷贝值
module 0x1::Utils{
use 0x1::Debug;
//Generic
public fun print<T:drop>(a: T) {
Debug::print(&a);
}
}
script {
use 0x1::Utils;
fun test_ownership() {
let a = 5;
Utils::print(copy a);
Utils::print(move a);
//Utils::print(a);
}
}
Signer(发送交易者)
Signer是原生数据类型,只有 一种能力drop,即类似于如下结构:
struct Signer has drop {
addr: address
}
Signer API
- address_of(&Signer):address //返回Signer地址
- borrow_address(&Signer) : &address //返回Signer地址的引用
script {
use 0x1::Signer;
use 0x1::Debug;
fun test_signer(sig: signer) {
let addr = Signer::address_of(&sig);
Debug::print(&addr);
let addr_ref = Signer::borrow_address(&sig);
Debug::print(addr_ref);
}
}
运行输入:
test_signer(0x55)
输出结果:
debug: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000055
debug: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000055
Gas used: 13
Resource(资源)
资源是被限制了能力的结构,只有key与store
资源必须存储在账户下,一个账户同一时刻只能容纳一个资源
Resource API
move_to<T>(&Signer, T) //将资源发布给Signer
move_from<T>(address): T //删除Signer的T资源并返回
borrow_global_mut<T>(address):&mut T //返回Signer下T的可变引用
borrow_global<T>(address): &T //返回Signer下的不可变引用
exists<T>(adress): bool //返回address下的T
module 0x1::collection {
use 0x1::Vector;
use 0x1::Signer;
struct Item has store, drop {}
struct Collection has store, key {
items: vector<Item>,
}
public fun create_resource(sig: &signer) {
move_to<Collection>(sig, Collection{
items: Vector::empty<Item>()
})
}
public fun is_exist_resource(addr: address) : bool {
exists<Collection>(addr)
}
public fun add_resource(sig : &signer) acquires Collection {
let addr = Signer::address_of(sig);
let collection = borrow_global_mut<Collection>(addr);
Vector::push_back(&mut collection.items, Item{});
}
public fun size_resource(sig: &signer): u64 acquires Collection {
let addr = Signer::address_of(sig);
let collection = borrow_global<Collection>(addr);
Vector::length(&collection.items)
}
public fun destory_resource(sig: &signer) acquires Collection {
let addr = Signer::address_of(sig);
let collectio = move_from<Collection>(addr);
let Collection{items: _} = collectio;
}
}
script {
use 0x1::Debug;
use 0x1::Signer;
use 0x1::collection as col;
fun test_resource(sig: signer) {
let addr = Signer::address_of(&sig);
let isExist = col::is_exist_resource(addr);
Debug::print(&isExist);
if (isExist) {
col::destory_resource(&sig);
};
col::create_resource(&sig);
col::add_resource(&sig);
let size = col::size_resource(&sig);
Debug::print(&size);
}
}