基于中断/DMA的串口通信

一、通过CubeMX配置项目

1、设置RCC

2、设置SYS

3、设置USART

4、设置NVIC

5、创建项目

二、中断方式

1、在main函数前定义全局变量

char c;//指令 0:停止  1:开始
char message[]="hello Windows\n";//输出信息
char tips[]="CommandError\n";//提示1
char tips1[]="Start.....\n";//提示2
char tips2[]="Stop......\n";//提示3
int flag=0;//标志 0:停止发送 1.开始发送

2、在main函数中设置接收中断函数

 HAL_UART_Receive_IT(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size)
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&c, 1);

功能：串口中断接收，以中断方式接收指定长度数据。
大致过程是，设置数据存放位置，接收数据长度，然后使能串口接收中断。
接收到数据时，会触发串口中断。
再然后，串口中断函数处理，直到接收到指定长度数据
而后关闭中断，进入中断接收回调函数，不再触发接收中断。(只触发一次中断)

3、main函数中的while循环里面添加传输代码

if(flag==1){
			//发送信息
			HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&message, strlen(message),0xFFFF); 
			
			//延时
			HAL_Delay(1000);
		}

5、main函数全部代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "string.h"


char getBuffer[100]; 
char value;
char str1[] = "start";
char str2[] = "stop";
char message[]="hello Windows\n";
char tips[]="CommandError\n";
char tips1[]="Start.....\n";
char tips2[]="Stop......\n";
int flag=1;
int countofGetBuffer=0;
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**ep
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
  #define COUNTOF(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof(*(a)))
	  //jkl
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  
  HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&value, 1);
  //HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&c, 10);


  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
		if(flag==1){
			//
			HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&message,COUNTOF(message),0xFFFF); 
			//
			HAL_Delay(1000);
		}else if(flag==0){
			HAL_Delay(1000);
		}
  }
}
 
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart1){
	HAL_UART_IRQHandler(huart1);
	getBuffer[countofGetBuffer++]=value;
	if(strcmp(getBuffer,str1)==0){
		flag = 1;
		HAL_UART_Transmit(huart1, (uint8_t *)&tips1, COUNTOF(tips1),0xFFFF);
		countofGetBuffer = 0;
		memset(getBuffer,0,COUNTOF(getBuffer));
	}else if(strcmp(getBuffer,str2)==0){
	    flag = 0;
		HAL_UART_Transmit(huart1, (uint8_t *)&tips2, COUNTOF(tips2),0xFFFF); 
		countofGetBuffer = 0;
		memset(getBuffer,0,COUNTOF(getBuffer));
	}
	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(huart1, (uint8_t *)&value,1);
}

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	 HAL_UART_IRQHandler(&huart1); //??oˉêy?á?????D??±ê??￡?è????D??ê1?ü￡?2￠???óμ÷ó???μ÷oˉêy
   HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)getBuffer,10);  //ìí?óμ?ò?DD′ú??
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void){
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}


#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

6、编译并烧录

三、DMA方式

2STM32CubeMX 配置 DMA
rcc配置

串口配置

设置 DMA

时钟配置

输出设置

添加如下代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN Init /
uint8_t Senbuff[] = "\n\r\0 Congratulations, you did it! "; //定义数据发送数组
/ USER CODE END Init */
到main函数

while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA(&huart1, (uint8_t )Senbuff, sizeof(Senbuff));
HAL_Delay(1000);
/ USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}到while循环

编译为hex文件

3烧录并进行串口调试
3.1烧录

3.2串口调试

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版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「guiqulaix」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/guiqulaix/article/details/121165663

四、结果

五、输出波形

五、总结

过硬件连接、引入库文件、初始化串口、发送数据和接收数据等步骤，可以实现STM32与外部设备之间的简单串口通信。这为后续更复杂的串口通信应用奠定了基础。