itertools编程训练

• 1.字符串重复

  输入name="abcd"，n=7,则函数的输出为：

  cyclicName(name, n) = "abcdabc"
  

  示例代码如下：

  from itertools import cycle
  
  def cyclicName(name, n):
      gen = cycle(name)
      res = [next(gen) for _ in range(n)]
      return ''.join(res)
  

  主要参考itertools的使用，参考1,2.

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• 2.dropwhile 的使用

  itertools.dropwhile(predicate, iterable)
  

  当迭代器中的元素使predicate函数为True时，丢弃迭代器中的元素。否则，返回该元素及该元素后的所有元素。例如：

  from itertools import dropwhile
  a=list(dropwhile(lambda x: x < 5, [1, 3, 6, 2, 1]))
  print a
  

  输出为：

  [6,2,1]
  

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• 3.实现浮点数的range函数

  给定起点终点和步长，生成一组数。例如，start=-0.5,stop=0.5,step=0.1则其输出应该是，[-0.5,-0.4,-0.3,-0.2,-0.1,0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4].
  示例代码：

  from itertools import count, takewhile
  
  def floatRange(start, stop, step):
      gen = takewhile(lambda x: x<stop, count(start,step))
      return list(gen)
  

  主要是无限迭代器count和takewhile函数的使用。[3][3]

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• 4.组合生成器之permutations
  给一个英文人名列表，两两组合并按字典顺序。例如，
  players = ["trainee", "warrior", "ninja"]
  则输出为：

  rockPaperScissors(players) = [["ninja", "trainee"], ["ninja", "warrior"], 
                                ["trainee", "ninja"], ["trainee", "warrior"], 
                                ["warrior", "ninja"], ["warrior", "trainee"]]
  

  示例代码如下：

  from itertools import permutations
  
  def rockPaperScissors(players):
      return sorted(map(lambda x:list(x),list(permutations(players,2))))
  

  permutations 用于求序列的排列。

• 5.拆分可迭代对象

迭代器	参数	结果	备注
chain()	p,q,…	p0, p1, …,p_last,q0,q1…	迭代多个单层容器
chain.from_iterable()	iterable	p0, p1, … plast, q0, q1, …	chain.from_iterable([‘ABC’, ‘DEF’]) --> A B C D E F,迭代两层

import itertools
chars = itertools.chain("abc", "def")
print([x for x in chars])
# ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
chars = itertools.chain.from_iterable([["abc"], ["def"]])
print([x for x in chars])
# ['abc', 'def']

• 6.累加

chars = itertools.accumulate([1,2,3])
print([x for x in chars])

接受可选参数，func,accumulate(list[,func)

import operator
chars = itertools.accumulate([1,3,3], operator.mul)
print([x for x in chars])

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• Refer

1 http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/explore-python/Standard-Modules/itertools.
2 https://docs.python.org/3.9/library/itertools.html#itertools.accumulate
[3] http://funhacks.net/2017/02/13/itertools/