深蓝学院的深度学习理论与实践课程:第一章

本文介绍了深度学习理论的基础概念,包括数学期望的概念及其在概率论中的应用,极限在微积分中的基础作用,以及损失函数在评价模型预测效果中的重要性。通过实例解释了数学期望如何帮助理解期望收益,并概述了极限、损失函数的基本原理。
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预备知识:

概念1:数学期望理解

概率论和统计学中,数学期望(mean)(或均值,亦简称期望)是试验中每次可能结果的概率乘以其结果的总和,是最基本的数学特征之一。它反映随机变量平均取值的大小。

需要注意的是,期望值并不一定等同于常识中的“期望”——

Statistical learning refers to a set of tools for modeling and understanding complex datasets. It is a recently developed area in statistics and blends with parallel developments in computer science and, in particular, machine learning. The field encompasses many methods such as the lasso and sparse regression, classification and regression trees, and boosting and support vector machines. With the explosion of “Big Data” problems, statistical learning has be- come a very hot field in many scientific areas as well as marketing, finance, and other business disciplines. People with statistical learning skills are in high demand. One of the first books in this area—The Elements of Statistical Learning (ESL) (Hastie, Tibshirani, and Friedman)—was published in 2001, with a second edition in 2009. ESL has become a popular text not only in statis- tics but also in related fields. One of the reasons for ESL’s popularity is its relatively accessible style. But ESL is intended for individuals with ad- vanced training in the mathematical sciences. An Introduction to Statistical Learning (ISL) arose from the perceived need for a broader and less tech- nical treatment of these topics. In this new book, we cover many of the same topics as ESL, but we concentrate more on the applications of the methods and less on the mathematical details. We have created labs illus- trating how to implement each of the statistical learning methods using the popular statistical software package R . These labs provide the reader with valuable hands-on experience.
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