Pytorch学习笔记2

接Pytorch学习笔记1

六、现有模型的使用和修改

最新版默认是没有预训练，需要使用预训练设置weights=‘DEFAULT’
pretrained=False 改为weight=None pretrained=True改weights=‘DEFAULT’
pretrained=False是没有经过预训练的网络模型的参数，就是随机初始化的，而pretrained=True是经过预训练的网络模型的参数。

1、代码实战

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 作者：小土堆
# 公众号：土堆碎念
import torchvision

# train_data = torchvision.datasets.ImageNet("../data_image_net", split='train', download=True,
#                                            transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor())
from torch import nn

vgg16_false = torchvision.models.vgg16(pretrained=False)
vgg16_true = torchvision.models.vgg16(pretrained=True)

print(vgg16_true)

train_data = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10('../data', train=True, transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
                                          download=True)
# 在vgg16_true这个网络后再加一层
vgg16_true.classifier.add_module('add_linear', nn.Linear(1000, 10))
# 打印网络层，方便观察层，便于后续的加层或修改层
print(vgg16_true)
print(vgg16_false)
# 修改vgg16_true网络的classifier索引为6的网络层为nn.Linear(4096, 10)
vgg16_false.classifier[6] = nn.Linear(4096, 10)
print(vgg16_false)

七、网络模型的加载与保存

对应方式几保存的就用方式几去加载

1、模型保存

模型保存的后缀一般是.pth

import torch
import torchvision
from torch import nn

vgg16 = torchvision.models.vgg16(pretrained=False)
# 保存方式1,模型结构+模型参数
torch.save(vgg16, "vgg16_method1.pth")

# 保存方式2，模型参数（官方推荐）是将模型参数保存成字典格式
torch.save(vgg16.state_dict(), "vgg16_method2.pth")

# 陷阱
class Tudui(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Tudui, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv1(x)
        return x

tudui = Tudui()
torch.save(tudui, "tudui_method1.pth")

2、模型加载

import torch
from model_save import *
# 方式1-》保存方式1，加载模型
import torchvision
from torch import nn

model = torch.load("vgg16_method1.pth")
# print(model)

# 方式2，加载模型，后以字典格式加载模型参数
vgg16 = torchvision.models.vgg16(pretrained=False)
vgg16.load_state_dict(torch.load("vgg16_method2.pth"))
# model = torch.load("vgg16_method2.pth")
# print(vgg16)

# 陷阱1
# class Tudui(nn.Module):
#     def __init__(self):
#         super(Tudui, self).__init__()
#         self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3)
#
#     def forward(self, x):
#         x = self.conv1(x)
#         return x

model = torch.load('tudui_method1.pth')
print(model)

八、完整模型训练套路

准备数据集，dataloader加载数据集，搭建网络模型，创建网络模型实例，定义损失函数，定义优化器，设置网络训练的参数，开始训练，验证模型，最后保存模型。可以将训练结果展示

1、代码

模型单独放一个文件

# 模型单独放一个文件
import torch
from torch import nn

# 搭建神经网络
class Tudui(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Tudui, self).__init__()
        self.model = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, 32, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            nn.Conv2d(32, 32, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            nn.Conv2d(32, 64, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            nn.Flatten(),
            nn.Linear(64*4*4, 64),
            nn.Linear(64, 10)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.model(x)
        return x

# 打main自动出现main函数写法，主要是为了验证模型是否正确
if __name__ == '__main__':
    tudui = Tudui()
    input = torch.ones((64, 3, 32, 32))
    output = tudui(input)
    print(output.shape)

模型训练

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 作者：小土堆
# 公众号：土堆碎念

import torchvision
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter

from model import *
# 准备数据集
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader

train_data = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root="../data", train=True, transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
                                          download=True)
test_data = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root="../data", train=False, transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
                                         download=True)

# length 长度
train_data_size = len(train_data)
test_data_size = len(test_data)
# 如果train_data_size=10, 训练数据集的长度为：10
print("训练数据集的长度为：{}".format(train_data_size))
print("测试数据集的长度为：{}".format(test_data_size))


# 利用 DataLoader 来加载数据集
train_dataloader = DataLoader(train_data, batch_size=64)
test_dataloader = DataLoader(test_data, batch_size=64)

# 创建网络模型
tudui = Tudui()

# 损失函数
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

# 优化器
# learning_rate = 0.01
# 1e-2=1 x (10)^(-2) = 1 /100 = 0.01
learning_rate = 1e-2
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(tudui.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)

# 设置训练网络的一些参数
# 记录训练的次数
total_train_step = 0
# 记录测试的次数
total_test_step = 0
# 训练的轮数
epoch = 10

# 添加tensorboard
writer = SummaryWriter("../logs_train")

for i in range(epoch):
    print("-------第 {} 轮训练开始-------".format(i+1))

    # 训练步骤开始
    tudui.train()
    for data in train_dataloader:
        imgs, targets = data
        outputs = tudui(imgs)
        loss = loss_fn(outputs, targets)

        # 优化器优化模型
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        total_train_step = total_train_step + 1
        if total_train_step % 100 == 0:
            print("训练次数：{}, Loss: {}".format(total_train_step, loss.item()))
            writer.add_scalar("train_loss", loss.item(), total_train_step)

    # 测试步骤开始
    tudui.eval()
    total_test_loss = 0
    total_accuracy = 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data in test_dataloader:
            imgs, targets = data
            outputs = tudui(imgs)
            loss = loss_fn(outputs, targets)
            total_test_loss = total_test_loss + loss.item()
            accuracy = (outputs.argmax(1) == targets).sum()
            total_accuracy = total_accuracy + accuracy

    print("整体测试集上的Loss: {}".format(total_test_loss))
    print("整体测试集上的正确率: {}".format(total_accuracy/test_data_size))
    writer.add_scalar("test_loss", total_test_loss, total_test_step)
    writer.add_scalar("test_accuracy", total_accuracy/test_data_size, total_test_step)
    total_test_step = total_test_step + 1

    torch.save(tudui, "tudui_{}.pth".format(i))
    print("模型已保存")

writer.close()

2、注意点

• 测试时
  • with torch.no_grad() 让网络中没有梯度；
  • tudui.eval()最好写
• 训练时
  • tudui.train()最好写

九、模型验证

argmax()：取1表示横向比较；

1、accuracy计算公式

(output.argmax(1)==target).sum()/testset_size
对于多分类问题，output是概率值，利用argmax()得出每个样本的最大概率是什么，得出0，1值，再与真实的target比较后加和，最后除以总测试集长度，即得accuracy。

十、利用GPU训练

1、方法一

找到①网络模型；②batch的数据；③损失函数
全部.cuda()即可。
但是最好加：
if torch.cuda.isAvailable():
tudui=tudui.cuda()

代码展示

import torch
import torchvision
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter

# from model import *
# 准备数据集
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader

train_data = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root="../data", train=True, transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
                                          download=True)
test_data = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root="../data", train=False, transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
                                         download=True)

# length 长度
train_data_size = len(train_data)
test_data_size = len(test_data)
# 如果train_data_size=10, 训练数据集的长度为：10
print("训练数据集的长度为：{}".format(train_data_size))
print("测试数据集的长度为：{}".format(test_data_size))


# 利用 DataLoader 来加载数据集
train_dataloader = DataLoader(train_data, batch_size=64)
test_dataloader = DataLoader(test_data, batch_size=64)

# 创建网络模型
class Tudui(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Tudui, self).__init__()
        self.model = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, 32, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            nn.Conv2d(32, 32, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            nn.Conv2d(32, 64, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            nn.Flatten(),
            nn.Linear(64*4*4, 64),
            nn.Linear(64, 10)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.model(x)
        return x
tudui = Tudui()
if torch.cuda.is_available():
    tudui = tudui.cuda()

# 损失函数
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
if torch.cuda.is_available():
    loss_fn = loss_fn.cuda()
# 优化器
# learning_rate = 0.01
# 1e-2=1 x (10)^(-2) = 1 /100 = 0.01
learning_rate = 1e-2
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(tudui.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)

# 设置训练网络的一些参数
# 记录训练的次数
total_train_step = 0
# 记录测试的次数
total_test_step = 0
# 训练的轮数
epoch = 10

# 添加tensorboard
writer = SummaryWriter("../logs_train")

for i in range(epoch):
    print("-------第 {} 轮训练开始-------".format(i+1))

    # 训练步骤开始
    tudui.train()
    for data in train_dataloader:
        imgs, targets = data
        if torch.cuda.is_available():
            imgs = imgs.cuda()
            targets = targets.cuda()
        outputs = tudui(imgs)
        loss = loss_fn(outputs, targets)

        # 优化器优化模型
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        total_train_step = total_train_step + 1
        if total_train_step % 100 == 0:
            print("训练次数：{}, Loss: {}".format(total_train_step, loss.item()))
            writer.add_scalar("train_loss", loss.item(), total_train_step)

    # 测试步骤开始
    tudui.eval()
    total_test_loss = 0
    total_accuracy = 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data in test_dataloader:
            imgs, targets = data
            if torch.cuda.is_available():
                imgs = imgs.cuda()
                targets = targets.cuda()
            outputs = tudui(imgs)
            loss = loss_fn(outputs, targets)
            total_test_loss = total_test_loss + loss.item()
            accuracy = (outputs.argmax(1) == targets).sum()
            total_accuracy = total_accuracy + accuracy

    print("整体测试集上的Loss: {}".format(total_test_loss))
    print("整体测试集上的正确率: {}".format(total_accuracy/test_data_size))
    writer.add_scalar("test_loss", total_test_loss, total_test_step)
    writer.add_scalar("test_accuracy", total_accuracy/test_data_size, total_test_step)
    total_test_step = total_test_step + 1

    torch.save(tudui, "tudui_{}.pth".format(i))
    print("模型已保存")

writer.close()

2、方法二

还是在那三个上面加，加的是.to(device)

• cpu：device=torch.device(“cpu”)
• gpu：device=torch.device(“cuda”)或者device=torch.device(“cuda:0”)
  然后 tudui.to(device)f将网络模型“放到”device上。
  

1）注意点

对于网络模型和损失函数，直接tudui.to(device)和loss_fun.to(device)也行，但是数据集不可以，必须重新赋值回去。

2）代码

import torch
import torchvision
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter

# from model import *
# 准备数据集
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader

# 定义训练的设备
device = torch.device("cuda")

train_data = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root="../data", train=True, transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
                                          download=True)
test_data = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root="../data", train=False, transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
                                         download=True)

# length 长度
train_data_size = len(train_data)
test_data_size = len(test_data)
# 如果train_data_size=10, 训练数据集的长度为：10
print("训练数据集的长度为：{}".format(train_data_size))
print("测试数据集的长度为：{}".format(test_data_size))


# 利用 DataLoader 来加载数据集
train_dataloader = DataLoader(train_data, batch_size=64)
test_dataloader = DataLoader(test_data, batch_size=64)

# 创建网络模型
class Tudui(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Tudui, self).__init__()
        self.model = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, 32, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            nn.Conv2d(32, 32, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            nn.Conv2d(32, 64, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            nn.Flatten(),
            nn.Linear(64*4*4, 64),
            nn.Linear(64, 10)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.model(x)
        return x
tudui = Tudui()
tudui = tudui.to(device)

# 损失函数
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
loss_fn = loss_fn.to(device)
# 优化器
# learning_rate = 0.01
# 1e-2=1 x (10)^(-2) = 1 /100 = 0.01
learning_rate = 1e-2
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(tudui.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)

# 设置训练网络的一些参数
# 记录训练的次数
total_train_step = 0
# 记录测试的次数
total_test_step = 0
# 训练的轮数
epoch = 10

# 添加tensorboard
writer = SummaryWriter("../logs_train")

for i in range(epoch):
    print("-------第 {} 轮训练开始-------".format(i+1))

    # 训练步骤开始
    tudui.train()
    for data in train_dataloader:
        imgs, targets = data
        imgs = imgs.to(device)
        targets = targets.to(device)
        outputs = tudui(imgs)
        loss = loss_fn(outputs, targets)

        # 优化器优化模型
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        total_train_step = total_train_step + 1
        if total_train_step % 100 == 0:
            print("训练次数：{}, Loss: {}".format(total_train_step, loss.item()))
            writer.add_scalar("train_loss", loss.item(), total_train_step)

    # 测试步骤开始
    tudui.eval()
    total_test_loss = 0
    total_accuracy = 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data in test_dataloader:
            imgs, targets = data
            imgs = imgs.to(device)
            targets = targets.to(device)
            outputs = tudui(imgs)
            loss = loss_fn(outputs, targets)
            total_test_loss = total_test_loss + loss.item()
            accuracy = (outputs.argmax(1) == targets).sum()
            total_accuracy = total_accuracy + accuracy

    print("整体测试集上的Loss: {}".format(total_test_loss))
    print("整体测试集上的正确率: {}".format(total_accuracy/test_data_size))
    writer.add_scalar("test_loss", total_test_loss, total_test_step)
    writer.add_scalar("test_accuracy", total_accuracy/test_data_size, total_test_step)
    total_test_step = total_test_step + 1

    torch.save(tudui, "tudui_{}.pth".format(i))
    print("模型已保存")

writer.close()

十一、完整模型验证套路

1、注意点

• 如果模型是在GPU上训练的，但是拿在CPU上跑测试，这时要指定map_location=torch.device(“cpu”)
• 验证测试集时别忘了2点：
  • with torch.no_grad() 让网络中没有梯度；
  • tudui.eval()

2、代码

import torch
import torchvision
from PIL import Image
from torch import nn

image_path = "../imgs/airplane.png"
image = Image.open(image_path)
print(image)
image = image.convert('RGB')
transform = torchvision.transforms.Compose([torchvision.transforms.Resize((32, 32)),
                                            torchvision.transforms.ToTensor()])

image = transform(image)
print(image.shape)

class Tudui(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Tudui, self).__init__()
        self.model = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, 32, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            nn.Conv2d(32, 32, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            nn.Conv2d(32, 64, 5, 1, 2),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            nn.Flatten(),
            nn.Linear(64*4*4, 64),
            nn.Linear(64, 10)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.model(x)
        return x

model = torch.load("tudui_29_gpu.pth", map_location=torch.device('cpu'))
print(model)
image = torch.reshape(image, (1, 3, 32, 32))
model.eval()
with torch.no_grad():
    output = model(image)
print(output)

print(output.argmax(1))