基于MATLAB与Python的DBSCAN算法代码

接上文，我们详细介绍了DBSCAN与几种常见聚类算法的对比与流程，DBSCAN聚类算法最为特殊，它是一种基于密度的聚类方法，聚类前不需要预先指定聚类的个数，接下来将DBSCAN分析代码分享
Python代码：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.cluster import DBSCAN
from sklearn import metrics

UNCLASSIFIED = 0
NOISE = -1


# 计算数据点两两之间的距离
def getDistanceMatrix(datas):
    N, D = np.shape(datas)
    dists = np.zeros([N, N])

    for i in range(N):
        for j in range(N):
            vi = datas[i, :]
            vj = datas[j, :]
            dists[i, j] = np.sqrt(np.dot((vi - vj), (vi - vj)))
    return dists


#  寻找以点cluster_id 为中心，eps 为半径的圆内的所有点的id
def find_points_in_eps(point_id, eps, dists):
    index = (dists[point_id] <= eps)
    return np.where(index == True)[0].tolist()


# 聚类扩展
# dists ： 所有数据两两之间的距离  N x N
# labs :   所有数据的标签 labs N，
# cluster_id ： 一个簇的标号
# eps ： 密度评估半径
# seeds： 用来进行簇扩展的点
# min_points： 半径内最少的点数
def expand_cluster(dists, labs, cluster_id, seeds, eps, min_points):
    i = 0
    while i < len(seeds):
        # 获取一个临近点
        Pn = seeds[i]
        # 如果该点被标记为NOISE 则重新标记
        if labs[Pn] == NOISE:
            labs[Pn] = cluster_id
        # 如果该点没有被标记过
        elif labs[Pn] == UNCLASSIFIED:
            # 进行标记，并计算它的临近点 new_seeds
            labs[Pn] = cluster_id
            new_seeds = find_points_in_eps(Pn, eps, dists)

            # 如果 new_seeds 足够长则把它加入到seed 队列中
            if len(new_seeds) >= min_points:
                seeds = seeds + new_seeds

        i = i + 1


def dbscan(datas, eps, min_points):
    # 计算 所有点之间的距离
    dists = getDistanceMatrix(datas)

    # 将所有点的标签初始化为UNCLASSIFIED
    n_points = datas.shape[0]
    labs = [UNCLASSIFIED] * n_points

    cluster_id = 0
    # 遍历所有点
    for point_id in range(0, n_points):
        # 如果当前点已经处理过了
        if not (labs[point_id] == UNCLASSIFIED):
            continue

        # 没有处理过则计算临近点
        seeds = find_points_in_eps(point_id, eps, dists)

        # 如果临近点数量过少则标记为 NOISE
        if len(seeds) < min_points:
            labs[point_id] = NOISE
        else:
            # 否则就开启一轮簇的扩张
            cluster_id = cluster_id + 1
            # 标记当前点
            labs[point_id] = cluster_id
            expand_cluster(dists, labs, cluster_id, seeds, eps, min_points)
    return labs, cluster_id


# 绘图
def draw_cluster(datas, labs, n_cluster):
    plt.cla()

    colors = [plt.cm.Spectral(each)
              for each in np.linspace(0, 1, n_cluster)]

    for i, lab in enumerate(labs):
        if lab == NOISE:
            plt.scatter(datas[i, 0], datas[i, 0], s=16., color=(0, 0, 0))
        else:
            plt.scatter(datas[i, 0], datas[i, 0], s=16., color=colors[lab - 1])
    plt.show()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    ## 数据1
    # centers = [[1, 1], [-1, -1], [1, -1]]
    # datas, labels_true = make_blobs(n_samples=750, centers=centers, cluster_std=0.4,
    # random_state=0)

    ## 数据2
    file_name = "spiral"
    with open(file_name + ".txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:#
        lines = f.read().splitlines()
    lines = [line.split("\t")[:-1] for line in lines]
    datas = np.array(lines).astype(np.float32)

    # 数据正则化
    datas = StandardScaler().fit_transform(datas)
    eps = 20#半径
    min_points = 0
    labs, cluster_id = dbscan(datas, eps=eps, min_points=min_points)
    print("labs of my dbscan")
    print(labs)

    db = DBSCAN(eps=eps, min_samples=min_points).fit(datas)
    skl_labels = db.labels_
    print("labs of sk-DBSCAN")
    print(skl_labels)

    draw_cluster(datas, labs, cluster_id)

MATLAB代码如下：

data=xlsread('C:/Users/zhichu/Desktop/附件1 弱覆盖栅格数据(筛选).csv');%导入数据
x=data(:,1);
y=data(:,2);
figure('Name','散点图分布','NumberTitle','off');
scatter(x,y,0.5,'k')
axis([0,2499,0,2499])

epsilon=20;%基站间最大聚类距离，自己根据需要设置
minpts=1;%最小聚类数
idx=dbscan([x,y],epsilon,minpts);
length(unique(idx))

[gc,grps]=groupcounts(idx)
sortrows([gc,grps],'descend')

figure('Name','DBSCAN聚类结果','NumberTitle','off');
gscatter(x,y,idx,[],[],1,'doleg','off')
xlabel('x坐标');ylabel('y坐标')

该函数在面对几十万条数据时也能计算出聚类的结果，因此大家在面对大型数据的DBSCAN聚类问题时可以选用内置的这个函数，前提是你的MATLAB版本要高于2019且安装好了统计与机器学习工具箱（ Statistics and Machine LearningToolbox）。