斯坦福CS193U-虚幻4C++课程学习笔记(18) Multiplayer & Replication

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-18 14:39:40 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-18 14:39:40 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_56334514/article/details/130429449

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Replication

客户端与服务端同步数据和procedure call的过程

Client-Server Model

Note: 数据在服务器和客户端之间传输，无法在客户端之间直传

服务器负责管理游戏状态 // 行为树只在服务器运行
客户端从服务器接收数据(Packets)并更新状态

Actor Replication

Actor将采用以下两种方式更新:

Property updates - 自动把更新的变量从服务器发送到客户端
- 例子: 玩家血量降低，数据从服务器发往所有的客户端
RPCs (Remote Procedure Calls) - 其他客户端执行了某个函数
- 例子: 玩家左键攻击，从客户端发RPC到服务器

Property Replication

变量从服务器同步到客户端

RPC

Server RPC - 客户端Call，请求服务器执行函数
Client RPC - 被服务器Call，去某个特定客户端上执行
NetMulticast RPC - 被服务器Call，所有客户端上执行

Steps to Implement Multiplayer

游玩现有的游戏并观察客户端和服务器之间game state的不同
将Actor或Component标记为Replicated
将需要同步的变量标记为Replicated
在代码间添加RPCs

Tips

Function Specifier
- Reliable - 保证最终到达. 请求会被重发直到收到ack
- Unreliable - 不保证到达
Variable Specifier
- Replicated - 会被ClientRPC同步
- ReplicatedUsing = “OnRep_” - RepNotify当变量发生改变时的回调函数
  - 使用该通知时还需在服务器手动叫一次RepNotify

项目代码

GitHub: https://github.com/yufeige4/ActionRoguelike

将交互组件修复为支持多人游戏

// GInteractionComponent.h
UCLASS( ClassGroup=(Custom), meta=(BlueprintSpawnableComponent) )
class ACTIONROGUELIKE_API UGInteractionComponent : public UActorComponent
{
	GENERATED_BODY()

protected:

	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, Category = "Trace")
	float TraceDistance;

	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, Category = "Trace")
	float TraceRadius;

	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, Category = "Trace")
	TEnumAsByte<ECollisionChannel> CollisionChannel;
	
	UPROPERTY(VisibleDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Interact")
	AActor* FocusedActor;

	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, Category = "UI")
	TSubclassOf<UGUserWidget_World> HintWidgetClass;

	UPROPERTY()
	UGUserWidget_World* HintWidgetInstance;

public:	
	// Sets default values for this component's properties
	UGInteractionComponent();
	
	void PrimaryInteract();

protected:
	
	UFUNCTION(Server, Unreliable)
	void ServerInteract(AActor* InFocusedActor);
	
	// Called when the game starts
	virtual void BeginPlay() override;

	void FindBestInteractable();

public:	
	// Called every frame
	virtual void TickComponent(float DeltaTime, ELevelTick TickType, FActorComponentTickFunction* ThisTickFunction) override;
		
};

// GInteractionComponent.cpp
static TAutoConsoleVariable<bool> CVarInteractionDrawDebug(TEXT("ARPG.InteractDrawDebug"),false,TEXT("toggle whether draw debug info for InteractionComp"),ECVF_Cheat);
// Sets default values for this component's properties
UGInteractionComponent::UGInteractionComponent()
{
	// Set this component to be initialized when the game starts, and to be ticked every frame.  You can turn these features
	// off to improve performance if you don't need them.
	PrimaryComponentTick.bCanEverTick = true;

	TraceDistance = 500.0f;
	TraceRadius = 30.0f;
	CollisionChannel = ECC_WorldDynamic;
	// ...
}


// Called when the game starts
void UGInteractionComponent::BeginPlay()
{
	Super::BeginPlay();
	 
	// ...
	
}


void UGInteractionComponent::FindBestInteractable()
{
	FCollisionObjectQueryParams ObjectQueryParams;
	ObjectQueryParams.AddObjectTypesToQuery(CollisionChannel);
	
	FVector End;
	
	AActor* MyOwner = GetOwner();
	FVector CameraLocation;
	FRotator CameraRotation;
	
	AGCharacter* MyCharacter = Cast<AGCharacter>(MyOwner);
	MyCharacter->GetCameraViewPoint(CameraLocation,CameraRotation);

	End = CameraLocation + (CameraRotation.Vector()*TraceDistance);
	FCollisionShape Shape;
	Shape.SetSphere(TraceRadius);
	TArray<FHitResult> Hits;
	bool bBlockingHit = GetWorld()->SweepMultiByObjectType(Hits,CameraLocation,End,FQuat::Identity,ObjectQueryParams,Shape);
	// Debug color
	FColor LineColor = bBlockingHit ? FColor::Green : FColor::Red;
	bool bDebugDraw = CVarInteractionDrawDebug.GetValueOnGameThread();

	// 清空之前保存的Focus并重新搜索
	FocusedActor = nullptr;
	
	for(FHitResult Hit : Hits)
	{
		AActor* HitActor = Hit.GetActor();
		if(HitActor!=nullptr)
		{
			// 如果该Actor实现了这个接口
			if(HitActor->Implements<UGGameplayInterface>())
			{
				FocusedActor = HitActor;
				break;
			}
		}
		// Debug Purpose
		if(bDebugDraw)
		{
			DrawDebugSphere(GetWorld(),Hit.ImpactPoint,TraceRadius,32,LineColor,false,2.0f);
		}
	}

	if(FocusedActor)
	{
		// 若当前未实例化过并且widget类被指定
		if(!HintWidgetInstance && ensure(HintWidgetClass))
		{
			HintWidgetInstance = CreateWidget<UGUserWidget_World>(GetWorld(),HintWidgetClass);
		}
		if(HintWidgetInstance)
		{
			// attach到相应的actor上, 如果未在视口中则添加到视口
			HintWidgetInstance->AttachedActor = FocusedActor;
			if(!HintWidgetInstance->IsInViewport())
			{
				HintWidgetInstance->AddToViewport();
			}
		}
	}else
	{
		// 交互物超出范围, 提示消失
		if(HintWidgetInstance && HintWidgetInstance->IsInViewport())
		{
			HintWidgetInstance->RemoveFromParent();
		}
	}
	// Debug purpose
	if(bDebugDraw)
	{
		DrawDebugLine(GetWorld(),CameraLocation,End,LineColor,false,2.0f,0,2.0f);
	}
}

// Called every fame
void UGInteractionComponent::TickComponent(float DeltaTime, ELevelTick TickType, FActorComponentTickFunction* ThisTickFunction)
{
	Super::TickComponent(DeltaTime, TickType, ThisTickFunction);

	auto MyPawn = Cast<APawn>(GetOwner());
	if(MyPawn->IsLocallyControlled())
	{
		FindBestInteractable();
	}
	
}

void UGInteractionComponent::PrimaryInteract()
{
	ServerInteract(FocusedActor);
}

void UGInteractionComponent::ServerInteract_Implementation(AActor* InFocusedActor)
{
	// refactored, move tracing logic into tick
	if(InFocusedActor==nullptr)
	{
		if(CVarInteractionDrawDebug.GetValueOnGameThread())
		{
			GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1,1.0f,FColor::Red,"No FocusedActor to Interact");
		}
		return;
	}
	APawn* MyPawn = Cast<APawn>(GetOwner());
	// 调用接口
	IGGameplayInterface::Execute_Interact(InFocusedActor,MyPawn);
}

箱子实现了简单的服务器客户端同步

// AGItemChest.h
UCLASS()
class ACTIONROGUELIKE_API AGItemChest : public AActor, public IGGameplayInterface
{
	GENERATED_BODY()

protected:

	UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere)
	UStaticMeshComponent* BaseMesh;
	
	UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere,BlueprintReadOnly)
	UStaticMeshComponent* LidMesh;

	UPROPERTY(ReplicatedUsing = "OnRep_LidOpened") // RepNotify
	bool bLidOpened;
	
public:

	UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere)
	float TargetRoll;
	
	void Interact_Implementation(APawn* InstigatorPawn);

	// Sets default values for this actor's properties
	AGItemChest();

protected:
	// Called when the game starts or when spawned
	virtual void BeginPlay() override;

	UFUNCTION() // Need to mark UFUNCTION for Unreal
	void OnRep_LidOpened();

public:	
	// Called every frame
	virtual void Tick(float DeltaTime) override;

};

// AGItemChest.cpp
AGItemChest::AGItemChest()
{
 	// Set this actor to call Tick() every frame.  You can turn this off to improve performance if you don't need it.
	PrimaryActorTick.bCanEverTick = true;

	BaseMesh = CreateDefaultSubobject<UStaticMeshComponent>("BaseMesh");
	RootComponent = BaseMesh;

	LidMesh = CreateDefaultSubobject<UStaticMeshComponent>("LidMesh");
	LidMesh->SetupAttachment(BaseMesh);

	TargetRoll = -110.0f;

	SetReplicates(true);
}

// Called when the game starts or when spawned
void AGItemChest::BeginPlay()
{
	Super::BeginPlay();
}

void AGItemChest::OnRep_LidOpened()
{
	float CurrPitch = bLidOpened ? TargetRoll : 0.0f;
	LidMesh->SetRelativeRotation(FRotator(0,0,CurrPitch));
}

// Called every frame
void AGItemChest::Tick(float DeltaTime)
{
	Super::Tick(DeltaTime);
}

void AGItemChest::Interact_Implementation(APawn* InstigatorPawn)
{
	bLidOpened = !bLidOpened;
	OnRep_LidOpened();
}

// key function generated by UHT for replication rules
void AGItemChest::GetLifetimeReplicatedProps(TArray<FLifetimeProperty>& OutLifetimeProps) const
{
	Super::GetLifetimeReplicatedProps(OutLifetimeProps);
	// 所有客户端同步bLidOpened变量
	DOREPLIFETIME(AGItemChest,bLidOpened);
}