YOLO11改进 | 卷积模块 | 减少冗余计算和内存访问的PConv【CVPR2023】

秋招面试专栏推荐 :深度学习算法工程师面试问题总结【百面算法工程师】——点击即可跳转 


💡💡💡本专栏所有程序均经过测试,可成功执行💡💡💡


本文介绍了一个新的部分卷积(PConv),它能更有效地提取空间特征,同时减少冗余的计算和内存访问。基于PConv,进一步提出了FasterNet,这是一个新的神经网络家族,它在各种设备上实现了比其他网络更高的运行速度,同时不会在各种视觉任务上牺牲准确性。文章在介绍主要的原理后,将手把手教学如何进行模块的代码添加和修改,并将修改后的完整代码放在文章的最后,方便大家一键运行,小白也可轻松上手实践。以帮助您更好地学习深度学习目标检测YOLO系列的挑战。

专栏地址:YOLO11入门 + 改进涨点——点击即可跳转 欢迎订阅

目录

1. 论文

2. 将PConv添加到YOLO11代码

2.1 PConv代码实现

2.2 更改init.py文件

2.3 新增yaml文件

2.4 在task.py中进行注册

2.5 执行程序

3.修改后的网络结构图

4. 完整代码分享

5. GFLOPs

6. 进阶

7.总结


1. 论文

论文地址:Run, Don’t Walk: Chasing Higher FLOPS for Faster Neural Networks ——点击即可跳转

官方代码:官方代码仓库——点击即可跳转

2. 将PConv添加到YOLO11代码

2.1 PConv代码实现

关键步骤一:将下面代码粘贴到在/ultralytics/ultralytics/nn/modules/conv.py中

class PConv(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dim, ouc, n_div=4, forward='split_cat'):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim_conv3 = dim // n_div
        self.dim_untouched = dim - self.dim_conv3
        self.partial_conv3 = nn.Conv2d(self.dim_conv3, self.dim_conv3, 3, 1, 1, bias=False)
        self.conv = Conv(dim, ouc, k=1)

        if forward == 'slicing':
            self.forward = self.forward_slicing
        elif forward == 'split_cat':
            self.forward = self.forward_split_cat
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError

    def forward_slicing(self, x):
        # only for inference
        x = x.clone()  # !!! Keep the original input intact for the residual connection later
        x[:, :self.dim_conv3, :, :] = self.partial_conv3(x[:, :self.dim_conv3, :, :])
        x = self.conv(x)
        return x

    def forward_split_cat(self, x):
        # for training/inference
        x1, x2 = torch.split(x, [self.dim_conv3, self.dim_untouched], dim=1)
        x1 = self.partial_conv3(x1)
        x = torch.cat((x1, x2), 1)
        x = self.conv(x)
        return x

2.2 更改init.py文件

关键步骤二:修改modules文件夹下的__init__.py文件,先导入函数

然后在下面的__all__中声明函数

2.3 新增yaml文件

关键步骤三:在 \ultralytics\ultralytics\cfg\models\11下新建文件 yolo11_PConv.yaml并将下面代码复制进去

  • 目标检测
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
  m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs

# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, PConv, [128]] # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
  - [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10

# YOLO11n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
  
  - [[16, 19, 22], 1, Detect, [nc]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  • 语义分割
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
  m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs

# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, PConv, [128]] # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
  - [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10

# YOLO11n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
  
  - [[16, 19, 22], 1, Segment, [nc, 32, 256]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  • 旋转目标检测【OBB】
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
  m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs

# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, PConv, [128]] # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
  - [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10

# YOLO11n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
  
  - [[16, 19, 22], 1, OBB, [nc, 1]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

温馨提示:本文只是对yolo11基础上添加模块,如果要对yolo11n/l/m/x进行添加则只需要指定对应的depth_multiple 和 width_multiple。


# YOLO11n
depth_multiple: 0.50  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.25  # layer channel multiple
max_channel:1024
 
# YOLO11s
depth_multiple: 0.50  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50  # layer channel multiple
max_channel:1024
 
# YOLO11m
depth_multiple: 0.50  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.00  # layer channel multiple
max_channel:512
 
# YOLO11l 
depth_multiple: 1.00  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.00  # layer channel multiple
max_channel:512 
 
# YOLO11x
depth_multiple: 1.00  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.50 # layer channel multiple
max_channel:512

2.4 在task.py中进行注册

关键步骤四:在task.py的parse_model函数中进行注册

先在task.py导入函数

然后在task.py文件下找到parse_model这个函数,如下图,

2.5 执行程序

在train.py中,将model的参数路径设置为yolo11_PConv.yaml的路径

建议大家写绝对路径,确保一定能找到

from ultralytics import YOLO
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
from pathlib import Path
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
 
    # 加载模型
    model = YOLO("ultralytics/cfg/11/yolo11.yaml")  # 你要选择的模型yaml文件地址
    # Use the model
    results = model.train(data=r"你的数据集的yaml文件地址",
                          epochs=100, batch=16, imgsz=640, workers=4, name=Path(model.cfg).stem)  # 训练模型

🚀运行程序,如果出现下面的内容则说明添加成功🚀 

                   from  n    params  module                                       arguments
  0                  -1  1       464  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [3, 16, 3, 2]
  1                  -1  1       720  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.PConv            [16, 32]
  2                  -1  1      6640  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [32, 64, 1, False, 0.25]      
  3                  -1  1     36992  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [64, 64, 3, 2]
  4                  -1  1     26080  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [64, 128, 1, False, 0.25]     
  5                  -1  1    147712  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [128, 128, 3, 2]
  6                  -1  1     87040  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [128, 128, 1, True]
  7                  -1  1    295424  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [128, 256, 3, 2]
  8                  -1  1    346112  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [256, 256, 1, True]
  9                  -1  1    164608  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.SPPF            [256, 256, 5]
 10                  -1  1    249728  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C2PSA           [256, 256, 1]
 11                  -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample         [None, 2, 'nearest']
 12             [-1, 6]  1         0  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat           [1]
 13                  -1  1    111296  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [384, 128, 1, False]
 14                  -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample         [None, 2, 'nearest']
 15             [-1, 4]  1         0  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat           [1]
 16                  -1  1     32096  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [256, 64, 1, False]
 17                  -1  1     36992  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [64, 64, 3, 2]
 18            [-1, 13]  1         0  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat           [1]
 19                  -1  1     86720  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [192, 128, 1, False]
 20                  -1  1    147712  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv             [128, 128, 3, 2]
 21            [-1, 10]  1         0  ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat           [1]
 22                  -1  1    378880  ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2            [384, 256, 1, True]
 23        [16, 19, 22]  1    464912  ultralytics.nn.modules.head.Detect           [80, [64, 128, 256]]
YOLO11_PConv summary: 321 layers, 2,620,128 parameters, 2,620,112 gradients, 25.3 GFLOPs

3.修改后的网络结构图

4. 完整代码分享

这个后期补充吧~,先按照步骤来即可

5. GFLOPs

关于GFLOPs的计算方式可以查看百面算法工程师 | 卷积基础知识——Convolution

未改进的YOLO11n GFLOPs

改进后的GFLOPs 

6. 进阶

可以与其他的注意力机制或者损失函数等结合,进一步提升检测效果

7.总结

通过上面的方法,改进就完成且成功了。在这里给大家推荐我的专栏YOLO11改进有效涨点专栏,本专栏目前是新建的,后期我会持续对各种前沿顶会进行论文复现,如果本文对你有帮助,欢迎订阅本专栏,关注后续更多的更新~如果有问题,可以随时问我

YOLOv8是目标检测领域中的一种经典算法,其以速度快和准确性高而受到广泛关注。在YOLOv8的主干网络上,我们可以进行一些改进来提升其在低照度环境下的性能。 低照度条件下,图像通常会受到噪声的影响,目标的细节和边缘信息可能会被模糊或者丢失,导致目标检测精度受到影响。为了克服这个问题,我们可以引入低照度增强网络来对输入图像进行预处理。低照度增强网络可以根据图像的特点对其进行自适应地增强,提升图像的亮度和对比度,减少噪声的干扰。这样可以使得图像中的目标更加清晰可见,有助于提高YOLOv8的检测精度。 在主干网络的选择方面,我们可以考虑使用Pe-YOLO来替代YOLOv8原有的主干网络。Pe-YOLO是一种经过优化的主干网络,其在保持YOLOv8原有速度优势的同时,能够提升在低照度环境下目标检测的性能。Pe-YOLO采用了一些先进的网络结构和设计技巧,例如注意力机制和残差连接,使得主干网络具有更好的图像特征提取能力和抗干扰能力。 通过将Pe-YOLO用于YOLOv8的主干网络,可以加强对低照度环境下目标的探测能力,提升检测的准确率和鲁棒性。此外,我们还可以对Pe-YOLO进行训练,使其能够更好地适应低照度条件下目标的特征,进一步加强目标检测的效果。 总结而言,yolov8改进中的主干篇,我们可以通过引入低照度增强网络和选择Pe-YOLO作为主干网络来提升在低照度环境下的目标检测性能。这些改进可以有效地减少噪声干扰,提高目标的可见性,在大幅度提升速度的同时,保证准确率和鲁棒性,使得yolov8在低照度条件下仍能取得出色的检测效果。
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