STM32F4xx系列使用HAL库配置SPI-读写FLASH

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已于 2022-05-27 23:17:22 修改

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文章标签： stm32 单片机 arm

于 2022-05-27 23:06:11 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_70748084/article/details/125012352

版权

SPI协议简介

SPI物理层特点

SPI协议层

QSPI协议简介

SPI框图

Flash写入与EEPROM有点相似，不同的是FLASH写入需要软件手动擦除，而EEPROM不用

SPI配置流程

1、初始化通讯使用的目标引脚及端口时钟

2、使能SPI外设的时钟

3、配置SPI外设的模式、地址、速率等参数并使能SPI外设

4、编写基本SPI按字节收发的函数

将片选信号拉低

查看数据发送完成标志，如果标志不存在

将数据写入SPI数据寄存器

5、编写对FLASH擦除及读写操作的函数

6、编写测试程序，对读写数据进行校验

HAL库读写串行FLASH(W125Q128)实验

flash 0xAB指令

flash 0x90指令

注意FLASH地址是24位的

这里直接放spi_flash的板级支持包，直接调用即可

可以直接将CubeMX生成的源文件spi.c和spi.h替换成下述文件即可

spi.c

/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    spi.c
  * @brief   This file provides code for the configuration
  *          of the SPI instances.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "spi.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

SPI_HandleTypeDef SpiHandle;

static __IO uint32_t  SPITimeout = SPIT_LONG_TIMEOUT;   

static uint16_t SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(uint8_t errorCode);

/**
  * @brief SPI MSP Initialization 
  *        This function configures the hardware resources used in this example: 
  *           - Peripheral's clock enable
  *           - Peripheral's GPIO Configuration  
  * @param hspi: SPI handle pointer
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_SPI_MspInit(SPI_HandleTypeDef *hspi)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef  GPIO_InitStruct;
  
  /*##-1- Enable peripherals and GPIO Clocks #################################*/
  /* Enable GPIO TX/RX clock */
  SPIx_SCK_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE();
  SPIx_MISO_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE();
  SPIx_MOSI_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE();
  SPIx_CS_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE();
  /* Enable SPI clock */
  SPIx_CLK_ENABLE(); 
  
  /*##-2- Configure peripheral GPIO ##########################################*/  
  /* SPI SCK GPIO pin configuration  */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin       = SPIx_SCK_PIN;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode      = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull      = GPIO_PULLUP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed     = GPIO_SPEED_FAST;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = SPIx_SCK_AF;
  
  HAL_GPIO_Init(SPIx_SCK_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    
  /* SPI MISO GPIO pin configuration  */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = SPIx_MISO_PIN;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = SPIx_MISO_AF;
  
  HAL_GPIO_Init(SPIx_MISO_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);
  
  /* SPI MOSI GPIO pin configuration  */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = SPIx_MOSI_PIN;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = SPIx_MOSI_AF;  
  HAL_GPIO_Init(SPIx_MOSI_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);   

  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = FLASH_CS_PIN ;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(FLASH_CS_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct); 
}

void SPI_FLASH_Init(void)
{
   /*##-1- Configure the SPI peripheral #######################################*/
  /* Set the SPI parameters */
  SpiHandle.Instance               = SPIx;
  SpiHandle.Init.BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BAUDRATEPRESCALER_2;
  SpiHandle.Init.Direction         = SPI_DIRECTION_2LINES;
  SpiHandle.Init.CLKPhase          = SPI_PHASE_2EDGE;
  SpiHandle.Init.CLKPolarity       = SPI_POLARITY_HIGH;
  SpiHandle.Init.CRCCalculation    = SPI_CRCCALCULATION_DISABLE;
  SpiHandle.Init.CRCPolynomial     = 7;
  SpiHandle.Init.DataSize          = SPI_DATASIZE_8BIT;
  SpiHandle.Init.FirstBit          = SPI_FIRSTBIT_MSB;
  SpiHandle.Init.NSS               = SPI_NSS_SOFT;
  SpiHandle.Init.TIMode            = SPI_TIMODE_DISABLE;
  
  SpiHandle.Init.Mode = SPI_MODE_MASTER;

  HAL_SPI_Init(&SpiHandle); 
  
  __HAL_SPI_ENABLE(&SpiHandle);     
}


 /**
  * @brief  擦除FLASH扇区
  * @param  SectorAddr：要擦除的扇区地址
  * @retval 无
  */
void SPI_FLASH_SectorErase(uint32_t SectorAddr)
{
  /* 发送FLASH写使能命令 */
  SPI_FLASH_WriteEnable();
  SPI_FLASH_WaitForWriteEnd();
  /* 擦除扇区 */
  /* 选择FLASH: CS低电平 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  /* 发送扇区擦除指令*/
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_SectorErase);
  /*发送擦除扇区地址的高位*/
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((SectorAddr & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
  /* 发送擦除扇区地址的中位 */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((SectorAddr & 0xFF00) >> 8);
  /* 发送擦除扇区地址的低位 */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(SectorAddr & 0xFF);
  /* 停止信号 FLASH: CS 高电平 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
  /* 等待擦除完毕*/
  SPI_FLASH_WaitForWriteEnd();
}


 /**
  * @brief  擦除FLASH扇区，整片擦除
  * @param  无
  * @retval 无
  */
void SPI_FLASH_BulkErase(void)
{
  /* 发送FLASH写使能命令 */
  SPI_FLASH_WriteEnable();

  /* 整块 Erase */
  /* 选择FLASH: CS低电平 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  /* 发送整块擦除指令*/
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_ChipErase);
  /* 停止信号 FLASH: CS 高电平 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();

  /* 等待擦除完毕*/
  SPI_FLASH_WaitForWriteEnd();
}

 /**
  * @brief  对FLASH按页写入数据，调用本函数写入数据前需要先擦除扇区
  * @param	pBuffer，要写入数据的指针
  * @param WriteAddr，写入地址
  * @param  NumByteToWrite，写入数据长度，必须小于等于SPI_FLASH_PerWritePageSize
  * @retval 无
  */
void SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(uint8_t* pBuffer, uint32_t WriteAddr, uint16_t NumByteToWrite)
{
  /* 发送FLASH写使能命令 */
  SPI_FLASH_WriteEnable();

  /* 选择FLASH: CS低电平 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  /* 写页写指令*/
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_PageProgram);
  /*发送写地址的高位*/
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((WriteAddr & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
  /*发送写地址的中位*/
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((WriteAddr & 0xFF00) >> 8);
  /*发送写地址的低位*/
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(WriteAddr & 0xFF);

  if(NumByteToWrite > SPI_FLASH_PerWritePageSize)
  {
     NumByteToWrite = SPI_FLASH_PerWritePageSize;
     FLASH_ERROR("SPI_FLASH_PageWrite too large!");
  }

  /* 写入数据*/
  while (NumByteToWrite--)
  {
    /* 发送当前要写入的字节数据 */
    SPI_FLASH_SendByte(*pBuffer);
    /* 指向下一字节数据 */
    pBuffer++;
  }

  /* 停止信号 FLASH: CS 高电平 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();

  /* 等待写入完毕*/
  SPI_FLASH_WaitForWriteEnd();
}


 /**
  * @brief  对FLASH写入数据，调用本函数写入数据前需要先擦除扇区
  * @param	pBuffer，要写入数据的指针
  * @param  WriteAddr，写入地址
  * @param  NumByteToWrite，写入数据长度
  * @retval 无
  */
void SPI_FLASH_BufferWrite(uint8_t* pBuffer, uint32_t WriteAddr, uint16_t NumByteToWrite)
{
  uint8_t NumOfPage = 0, NumOfSingle = 0, Addr = 0, count = 0, temp = 0;
	
	/*mod运算求余，若writeAddr是SPI_FLASH_PageSize整数倍，运算结果Addr值为0*/
  Addr = WriteAddr % SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
	
	/*差count个数据值，刚好可以对齐到页地址*/
  count = SPI_FLASH_PageSize - Addr;	
	/*计算出要写多少整数页*/
  NumOfPage =  NumByteToWrite / SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
	/*mod运算求余，计算出剩余不满一页的字节数*/
  NumOfSingle = NumByteToWrite % SPI_FLASH_PageSize;

	 /* Addr=0,则WriteAddr 刚好按页对齐 aligned  */
  if (Addr == 0) 
  {
		/* NumByteToWrite < SPI_FLASH_PageSize */
    if (NumOfPage == 0) 
    {
      SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, NumByteToWrite);
    }
    else /* NumByteToWrite > SPI_FLASH_PageSize */
    {
			/*先把整数页都写了*/
      while (NumOfPage--)
      {
        SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, SPI_FLASH_PageSize);
        WriteAddr +=  SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
        pBuffer += SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
      }
			
			/*若有多余的不满一页的数据，把它写完*/
      SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, NumOfSingle);
    }
  }
	/* 若地址与 SPI_FLASH_PageSize 不对齐  */
  else 
  {
		/* NumByteToWrite < SPI_FLASH_PageSize */
    if (NumOfPage == 0) 
    {
			/*当前页剩余的count个位置比NumOfSingle小，写不完*/
      if (NumOfSingle > count) 
      {
        temp = NumOfSingle - count;
				
				/*先写满当前页*/
        SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, count);
        WriteAddr +=  count;
        pBuffer += count;
				
				/*再写剩余的数据*/
        SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, temp);
      }
      else /*当前页剩余的count个位置能写完NumOfSingle个数据*/
      {				
        SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, NumByteToWrite);
      }
    }
    else /* NumByteToWrite > SPI_FLASH_PageSize */
    {
			/*地址不对齐多出的count分开处理，不加入这个运算*/
      NumByteToWrite -= count;
      NumOfPage =  NumByteToWrite / SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
      NumOfSingle = NumByteToWrite % SPI_FLASH_PageSize;

      SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, count);
      WriteAddr +=  count;
      pBuffer += count;
			
			/*把整数页都写了*/
      while (NumOfPage--)
      {
        SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, SPI_FLASH_PageSize);
        WriteAddr +=  SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
        pBuffer += SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
      }
			/*若有多余的不满一页的数据，把它写完*/
      if (NumOfSingle != 0)
      {
        SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, NumOfSingle);
      }
    }
  }
}

 /**
  * @brief  读取FLASH数据
  * @param 	pBuffer，存储读出数据的指针
  * @param   ReadAddr，读取地址
  * @param   NumByteToRead，读取数据长度
  * @retval 无
  */
void SPI_FLASH_BufferRead(uint8_t* pBuffer, uint32_t ReadAddr, uint16_t NumByteToRead)
{
  /* 选择FLASH: CS低电平 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();

  /* 发送 读 指令 */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_ReadData);

  /* 发送 读 地址高位 */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((ReadAddr & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
  /* 发送 读 地址中位 */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((ReadAddr& 0xFF00) >> 8);
  /* 发送 读 地址低位 */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(ReadAddr & 0xFF);
  
	/* 读取数据 */
  while (NumByteToRead--)
  {
    /* 读取一个字节*/
    *pBuffer = SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);
    /* 指向下一个字节缓冲区 */
    pBuffer++;
  }

  /* 停止信号 FLASH: CS 高电平 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
}


 /**
  * @brief  读取FLASH ID
  * @param 	无
  * @retval FLASH ID
  */
uint32_t SPI_FLASH_ReadID(void)
{
  uint32_t Temp = 0, Temp0 = 0, Temp1 = 0, Temp2 = 0;

  /* 开始通讯：CS低电平 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();

  /* 发送JEDEC指令，读取ID */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_JedecDeviceID);

  /* 读取一个字节数据 */
  Temp0 = SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);

  /* 读取一个字节数据 */
  Temp1 = SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);

  /* 读取一个字节数据 */
  Temp2 = SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);

  /* 停止通讯：CS高电平 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();

	/*把数据组合起来，作为函数的返回值*/
  Temp = (Temp0 << 16) | (Temp1 << 8) | Temp2;

  return Temp;
}

 /**
  * @brief  读取FLASH Device ID
  * @param 	无
  * @retval FLASH Device ID
  */
uint32_t SPI_FLASH_ReadDeviceID(void)
{
  uint32_t Temp = 0;

  /* Select the FLASH: Chip Select low */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();

  /* Send "RDID " instruction */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_DeviceID);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);
  
  /* Read a byte from the FLASH */
  Temp = SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);

  /* Deselect the FLASH: Chip Select high */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();

  return Temp;
}
/*******************************************************************************
* Function Name  : SPI_FLASH_StartReadSequence
* Description    : Initiates a read data byte (READ) sequence from the Flash.
*                  This is done by driving the /CS line low to select the device,
*                  then the READ instruction is transmitted followed by 3 bytes
*                  address. This function exit and keep the /CS line low, so the
*                  Flash still being selected. With this technique the whole
*                  content of the Flash is read with a single READ instruction.
* Input          : - ReadAddr : FLASH's internal address to read from.
* Output         : None
* Return         : None
*******************************************************************************/
void SPI_FLASH_StartReadSequence(uint32_t ReadAddr)
{
  /* Select the FLASH: Chip Select low */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();

  /* Send "Read from Memory " instruction */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_ReadData);

  /* Send the 24-bit address of the address to read from -----------------------*/
  /* Send ReadAddr high nibble address byte */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((ReadAddr & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
  /* Send ReadAddr medium nibble address byte */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((ReadAddr& 0xFF00) >> 8);
  /* Send ReadAddr low nibble address byte */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(ReadAddr & 0xFF);
}


 /**
  * @brief  使用SPI读取一个字节的数据
  * @param  无
  * @retval 返回接收到的数据
  */
uint8_t SPI_FLASH_ReadByte(void)
{
  return (SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte));
}


 /**
  * @brief  使用SPI发送一个字节的数据
  * @param  byte：要发送的数据
  * @retval 返回接收到的数据
  */
uint8_t SPI_FLASH_SendByte(uint8_t byte)
{
  SPITimeout = SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT;

  /* 等待发送缓冲区为空，TXE事件 */
  while (__HAL_SPI_GET_FLAG( &SpiHandle, SPI_FLAG_TXE ) == RESET)
   {
    if((SPITimeout--) == 0) return SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(0);
   }

  /* 写入数据寄存器，把要写入的数据写入发送缓冲区 */
  WRITE_REG(SpiHandle.Instance->DR, byte);

  SPITimeout = SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT;

  /* 等待接收缓冲区非空，RXNE事件 */
  while (__HAL_SPI_GET_FLAG( &SpiHandle, SPI_FLAG_RXNE ) == RESET)
   {//发送缓冲区会在下一个周期将数据发送出去
    if((SPITimeout--) == 0) return SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(1);
   }

  /* 读取数据寄存器，获取接收缓冲区数据 */
  return READ_REG(SpiHandle.Instance->DR);
//	static uint8_t Rx_Data[1];
//	static uint8_t Tx_Data[1];
//	Tx_Data[0]=byte;
//	if(HAL_SPI_TransmitReceive(&SpiHandle,Tx_Data,Rx_Data,1,1000)!=HAL_OK)
//	{
//		return 0;
//	}
//	return Rx_Data[0];
}

/*******************************************************************************
* Function Name  : SPI_FLASH_SendHalfWord
* Description    : Sends a Half Word through the SPI interface and return the
*                  Half Word received from the SPI bus.
* Input          : Half Word : Half Word to send.
* Output         : None
* Return         : The value of the received Half Word.
*******************************************************************************/
uint16_t SPI_FLASH_SendHalfWord(uint16_t HalfWord)
{
  
  SPITimeout = SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT;

  /* Loop while DR register in not emplty */
  while (__HAL_SPI_GET_FLAG( &SpiHandle,  SPI_FLAG_TXE ) == RESET)
  {
    if((SPITimeout--) == 0) return SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(2);
   }

  /* Send Half Word through the SPIx peripheral */
  WRITE_REG(SpiHandle.Instance->DR, HalfWord);

  SPITimeout = SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT;

  /* Wait to receive a Half Word */
  while (__HAL_SPI_GET_FLAG( &SpiHandle, SPI_FLAG_RXNE ) == RESET)
   {
    if((SPITimeout--) == 0) return SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(3);
   }
  /* Return the Half Word read from the SPI bus */
  return READ_REG(SpiHandle.Instance->DR);
}


 /**
  * @brief  向FLASH发送 写使能 命令
  * @param  none
  * @retval none
  */
void SPI_FLASH_WriteEnable(void)
{
  /* 通讯开始：CS低 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();

  /* 发送写使能命令*/
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_WriteEnable);

  /*通讯结束：CS高 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
}

 /**
  * @brief  等待WIP(BUSY)标志被置0，即等待到FLASH内部数据写入完毕
  * @param  none
  * @retval none
  */
void SPI_FLASH_WaitForWriteEnd(void)
{
  uint8_t FLASH_Status = 0;

  /* 选择 FLASH: CS 低 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();

  /* 发送 读状态寄存器 命令 */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_ReadStatusReg);

  SPITimeout = SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT;
  /* 若FLASH忙碌，则等待 */
  do
  {
    /* 读取FLASH芯片的状态寄存器 */
    FLASH_Status = SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);	 

    {
      if((SPITimeout--) == 0) 
      {
        SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(4);
        return;
      }
    } 
  }
  while ((FLASH_Status & WIP_Flag) == SET); /* 正在写入标志 */

  /* 停止信号  FLASH: CS 高 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
}


//进入掉电模式
void SPI_Flash_PowerDown(void)   
{ 
  /* 选择 FLASH: CS 低 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();

  /* 发送 掉电 命令 */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_PowerDown);

  /* 停止信号  FLASH: CS 高 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
}   

//唤醒
void SPI_Flash_WAKEUP(void)   
{
  /*选择 FLASH: CS 低 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();

  /* 发上 上电 命令 */
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_ReleasePowerDown);

  /* 停止信号 FLASH: CS 高 */
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();                   //等待TRES1
}   


/**
  * @brief  等待超时回调函数
  * @param  None.
  * @retval None.
  */
static  uint16_t SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(uint8_t errorCode)
{
  /* 等待超时后的处理,输出错误信息 */
  FLASH_ERROR("SPI 等待超时!errorCode = %d",errorCode);
  return 0;
}
   
/*********************************************END OF FILE**********************/

spi.h

/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    spi.h
  * @brief   This file contains all the function prototypes for
  *          the spi.c file
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __SPI_H__
#define __SPI_H__

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

#define  sFLASH_ID                       0XEF4018     //W25Q128


//#define SPI_FLASH_PageSize            4096
#define SPI_FLASH_PageSize              256
#define SPI_FLASH_PerWritePageSize      256

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*命令定义-开头*******************************/
#define W25X_WriteEnable		      0x06 
#define W25X_WriteDisable		      0x04 
#define W25X_ReadStatusReg		    0x05 
#define W25X_WriteStatusReg		  0x01 
#define W25X_ReadData			        0x03 
#define W25X_FastReadData		      0x0B 
#define W25X_FastReadDual		      0x3B 
#define W25X_PageProgram		      0x02 
#define W25X_BlockErase			      0xD8 
#define W25X_SectorErase		      0x20 
#define W25X_ChipErase			      0xC7 
#define W25X_PowerDown			      0xB9 
#define W25X_ReleasePowerDown	  0xAB 
#define W25X_DeviceID			        0xAB 
#define W25X_ManufactDeviceID   	0x90 
#define W25X_JedecDeviceID		    0x9F 

#define WIP_Flag                  0x01  /* Write In Progress (WIP) flag */
#define Dummy_Byte                0xFF
/*命令定义-结尾*******************************/

 //SPI号及时钟初始化函数
#define SPIx                             SPI1
#define SPIx_CLK_ENABLE()                __HAL_RCC_SPI1_CLK_ENABLE()
#define SPIx_SCK_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE()       __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE()
#define SPIx_MISO_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE()      __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE() 
#define SPIx_MOSI_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE()      __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE() 
#define SPIx_CS_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE()        __HAL_RCC_GPIOG_CLK_ENABLE() 

#define SPIx_FORCE_RESET()               __HAL_RCC_SPI1_FORCE_RESET()
#define SPIx_RELEASE_RESET()             __HAL_RCC_SPI1_RELEASE_RESET()

//SCK引脚
#define SPIx_SCK_PIN                     GPIO_PIN_3
#define SPIx_SCK_GPIO_PORT               GPIOB
#define SPIx_SCK_AF                      GPIO_AF5_SPI1
//MISO引脚
#define SPIx_MISO_PIN                    GPIO_PIN_4
#define SPIx_MISO_GPIO_PORT              GPIOB
#define SPIx_MISO_AF                     GPIO_AF5_SPI1
//MOSI引脚
#define SPIx_MOSI_PIN                    GPIO_PIN_5
#define SPIx_MOSI_GPIO_PORT              GPIOB
#define SPIx_MOSI_AF                     GPIO_AF5_SPI1
//CS(NSS)引脚
#define FLASH_CS_PIN                     GPIO_PIN_6               
#define FLASH_CS_GPIO_PORT               GPIOG                     
//设置为高电平	
#define	digitalHi(p,i)			    {p->BSRR=i;}		
//输出低电平
#define digitalLo(p,i)			    {p->BSRR=(uint32_t)i << 16;}				
#define SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW()      digitalLo(FLASH_CS_GPIO_PORT,FLASH_CS_PIN )
#define SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH()     digitalHi(FLASH_CS_GPIO_PORT,FLASH_CS_PIN )
/*SPI接口定义-结尾****************************/

/*等待超时时间*/
#define SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT         ((uint32_t)0x1000)
#define SPIT_LONG_TIMEOUT         ((uint32_t)(10 * SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT))

/*信息输出*/
#define FLASH_DEBUG_ON         1

#define FLASH_INFO(fmt,arg...)           printf("<<-FLASH-INFO->> "fmt"\n",##arg)
#define FLASH_ERROR(fmt,arg...)          printf("<<-FLASH-ERROR->> "fmt"\n",##arg)
#define FLASH_DEBUG(fmt,arg...)          do{\
                                          if(FLASH_DEBUG_ON)\
                                          printf("<<-FLASH-DEBUG->> [%d]"fmt"\n",__LINE__, ##arg);\
                                          }while(0)



void SPI_FLASH_Init(void);
void SPI_FLASH_SectorErase(uint32_t SectorAddr);
void SPI_FLASH_BulkErase(void);
void SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(uint8_t* pBuffer, uint32_t WriteAddr, uint16_t NumByteToWrite);
void SPI_FLASH_BufferWrite(uint8_t* pBuffer, uint32_t WriteAddr, uint16_t NumByteToWrite);
void SPI_FLASH_BufferRead(uint8_t* pBuffer, uint32_t ReadAddr, uint16_t NumByteToRead);
uint32_t SPI_FLASH_ReadID(void);
uint32_t SPI_FLASH_ReadDeviceID(void);
void SPI_FLASH_StartReadSequence(uint32_t ReadAddr);
void SPI_Flash_PowerDown(void);
void SPI_Flash_WAKEUP(void);


uint8_t SPI_FLASH_ReadByte(void);
uint8_t SPI_FLASH_SendByte(uint8_t byte);
uint16_t SPI_FLASH_SendHalfWord(uint16_t HalfWord);
void SPI_FLASH_WriteEnable(void);
void SPI_FLASH_WaitForWriteEnd(void);

#endif /* __SPI_FLASH_H */

main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "spi.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include <stdio.h>

void SystemClock_Config(void);

typedef enum { FAILED = 0, PASSED = !FAILED} TestStatus;

/* 获取缓冲区的长度 */
#define TxBufferSize1   (countof(TxBuffer1) - 1)
#define RxBufferSize1   (countof(TxBuffer1) - 1)
#define countof(a)      (sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a)))
#define  BufferSize (countof(Tx_Buffer)-1)
#define  FLASH_WriteAddress     0x00000
#define  FLASH_ReadAddress      FLASH_WriteAddress
#define  FLASH_SectorToErase    FLASH_WriteAddress


/* 发送缓冲区初始化 */
uint8_t Tx_Buffer[] = "hello world!";
uint8_t Rx_Buffer[BufferSize];

//读取的ID存储位置
__IO uint32_t DeviceID = 0;
__IO uint32_t FlashID = 0;
__IO TestStatus TransferStatus1 = FAILED;
TestStatus Buffercmp(uint8_t* pBuffer1, uint8_t* pBuffer2, uint16_t BufferLength);
/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{

  HAL_Init();

  SystemClock_Config();
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  /* 16M串行flash W25Q128初始化 */
	SPI_FLASH_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
	printf("\r\n这是一个16M串行flash(W25Q128)实验(QSPI驱动) \r\n");
	/* 16M串行flash W25Q128初始化 */
		/* 获取 Flash Device ID */
	DeviceID = SPI_FLASH_ReadDeviceID();
	
	HAL_Delay( 200 );
	
	/* 获取 SPI Flash ID */
	FlashID = SPI_FLASH_ReadID();
	
	printf("\r\nFlashID is 0x%X,  Manufacturer Device ID is 0x%X\r\n", FlashID, DeviceID);
	
	/* 检验 SPI Flash ID */
	if (FlashID == sFLASH_ID) 
	{	
		printf("\r\n检测到SPI FLASH W25Q128 !\r\n");
		
		/* 擦除将要写入的 SPI FLASH 扇区，FLASH写入前要先擦除 */
		SPI_FLASH_SectorErase(FLASH_SectorToErase);	 	 
		
		/* 将发送缓冲区的数据写到flash中 */
		SPI_FLASH_BufferWrite(Tx_Buffer, FLASH_WriteAddress, BufferSize);
		printf("\r\n写入的数据为：\r\n%s", Tx_Buffer);
		
		/* 将刚刚写入的数据读出来放到接收缓冲区中 */
		SPI_FLASH_BufferRead(Rx_Buffer, FLASH_ReadAddress, BufferSize);
		printf("\r\n读出的数据为：\r\n%s", Rx_Buffer);
		
		/* 检查写入的数据与读出的数据是否相等 */
		TransferStatus1 = Buffercmp(Tx_Buffer, Rx_Buffer, BufferSize);
		if( PASSED == TransferStatus1 )
		{    
			LED_ALLON;
			printf("\r\n16M串行flash(W25Q128)测试成功!\n\r");
		}
		else
		{        
			LED2_ON;
			printf("\r\n16M串行flash(W25Q128)测试失败!\n\r");
		}
	}// if (FlashID == sFLASH_ID)
	else
	{    
		LED2_ON;
		printf("\r\n获取不到 W25Q128 ID!\n\r");
	}
	
	SPI_Flash_PowerDown();  
  while (1)
  {

  }

}

TestStatus Buffercmp(uint8_t* pBuffer1, uint8_t* pBuffer2, uint16_t BufferLength)
{
  while(BufferLength--)
  {
    if(*pBuffer1 != *pBuffer2)
    {
      return FAILED;
    }

    pBuffer1++;
    pBuffer2++;
  }
  return PASSED;
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 25;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 336;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

LED和串口UART配置这里就不过多介绍了，感谢大家的阅读！^_^