字符设备驱动分步注册

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-11 15:45:09 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-11 15:45:09 发布

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文章标签：驱动开发

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_74321665/article/details/131585591

版权

该文展示了如何在Linux内核中编写一个简单的字符设备驱动，包括分配和初始化cdev对象，注册设备号，创建设备节点，以及使用ioremap映射物理寄存器进行硬件操作。驱动提供了打开、关闭和ioctl接口，用户空间程序通过ioctl命令控制LED灯的状态。

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驱动代码

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include "head.h"

struct cdev *cdev;
unsigned int major=500;
unsigned int minor=0;
dev_t devno;    //设备号
struct class *cls;
struct device *dev;

unsigned int *vir_moder;
unsigned int *vir_odr;
unsigned int *vir_rcc;
unsigned int *virf_moder;
unsigned int *virf_odr;

int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *file)
{
    unsigned int min = MINOR(inode->i_rdev);
    file->private_data = (void *)min;
    printk("%s,%s,%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
    return 0;
}

long mycdev_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
    unsigned int min = (int)file->private_data;
    switch (min)
    {
    case 0:
        (*vir_odr) ^= (0x1<<(10));
        break;
    case 1:
        (*virf_odr) ^= (0x1<<(10));
        break;
    case 2:
        (*vir_odr) ^= (0x1<<(8));
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    return 0;
}

int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode,struct file *file)
{
    printk("%s,%s,%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
    return 0;
}

struct file_operations fops =
{
    .open = mycdev_open,
    .unlocked_ioctl = mycdev_ioctl,
    .release = mycdev_close,
};

static int __init mycdev_init(void)
{
    int ret,i;
    //1.分配字符设备驱动对象空间  cdev_alloc
    cdev=cdev_alloc();
    if(cdev==NULL)
    {
        printk("申请字符设备驱动对象空间失败\n");
        ret=-EFAULT;
        goto out1;
    }
    printk("申请字符设备驱动对象空间成功\n");
    //2.字符设备驱动对象部分初始化  cdev_init
    cdev_init(cdev,&fops);
    //3.申请设备号  register_chrdev_region/alloc_chrdev_region
    if(major>0)
    {
        ret=register_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),3,"myled");
        if(ret)
        {
            printk("静态指定设备号失败\n");
            goto out2;
        }
    }else
    {
        ret=alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,minor,3,"myled");
        if(ret)
        {
            printk("动态申请设备号失败\n");
            goto out2;
        }
        major=MAJOR(devno);
        minor=MINOR(devno);
    }
    printk("申请设备号成功\n");
    //4.注册字符设备驱动对象  cdev_add()
    ret=cdev_add(cdev,MKDEV(major,minor),3);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("注册字符设备驱动对象失败\n");
        goto out3;
    }
    printk("注册字符设备驱动对象成功\n");
    //5.向上提交目录
    cls=class_create(THIS_MODULE,"myled");
    if(IS_ERR(cls))
    {
        printk("向上提交目录失败\n");
        ret=-PTR_ERR(cls);
        goto out4;
    }
    printk("向上提交目录成功\n");
    //6.向上提交设备节点
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        dev=device_create(cls,NULL,MKDEV(major,i),NULL,"myled%d",i);
        if(IS_ERR(dev))
        {
            printk("向上提交节点信息失败\n");
            ret=-PTR_ERR(cls);
            goto out5;
        }
    }
    printk("向上提交节点信息成功\n");

     //映射物理寄存器
    vir_moder=ioremap(PHY_LED1_MODER,4);
    if(vir_moder==NULL)
    {
        printk("MODER寄存器地址映射表失败\n");
        return -EFAULT;
    }
    vir_odr=ioremap(PHY_LED1_ODR,4);
    if(vir_odr==NULL)
    {
        printk("ODR寄存器地址映射表失败\n");
        return -EFAULT;
    }
    vir_rcc=ioremap(PHY_RCC,4);
    if(vir_rcc==NULL)
    {
        printk("RCC寄存器地址映射表失败\n");
        return -EFAULT;
    }
    virf_moder=ioremap(PHY_LED2_MODER,4);
    if(virf_moder==NULL)
    {
        printk("MODER寄存器地址映射表失败\n");
        return -EFAULT;
    }
    virf_odr=ioremap(PHY_LED2_ODR,4);
    if(virf_odr==NULL)
    {
        printk("ODR寄存器地址映射表失败\n");
        return -EFAULT;
    }
    printk("寄存器地址映射成功\n");
    //寄存器初始化
    (*vir_rcc) |= (0x3<<4);//rcc使能
    (*vir_moder) &= (~(0X3<<20));//设置为输出
    (*vir_moder) |=(0x1<<20);
    (*vir_odr) &= (~(0x1<<10));//led1灭灯
    (*vir_odr) |= (0x1<<8);//led3亮灯
    (*virf_moder) &= (~(0X3<<20));//设置为输出
    (*virf_moder) |=(0x1<<20);
    (*virf_odr) |= (0x1<<10);//led2亮灯
    printk("硬件寄存器初始化成功\n");

    return 0;

    out5:
        for(--i;i>=0;i--)
        {
            device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,i));
        }
        class_destroy(cls);
    out4:
        cdev_del(cdev);
    out3:
        unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),3);
    out2:
        kfree(cdev);
    out1:
        return ret;
}
static void __exit mycdev_exit(void)
{

    //取消寄存器地址映射
    iounmap(vir_moder);
    iounmap(vir_odr);
    iounmap(vir_rcc);
    iounmap(virf_moder);
    iounmap(virf_odr);

    int i;
    //1.销毁设备信息  device_destroy
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,i));
    }
    //2.销毁目录  class_destroy
    class_destroy(cls);
    //3.注销对象  cdev_del()
    cdev_del(cdev);
    //4.释放设备号   unregister_chrdev_region()
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),3);
    //5.释放对象空间  kfree()
    kfree(cdev);
}
module_init(mycdev_init);
module_exit(mycdev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

程序代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include "head.h"

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int a;
    int fd;
    while(1)
    {
        printf("请输入控制命令--1：开/关灯1     2：开/关灯2     3：开/关灯3\n");
        scanf("%d",&a);
        switch (a)
        {
        case 1:
            fd = open("/dev/myled0",O_RDWR);
            ioctl(fd,LED_ON,a);
            break;
        case 2:
            fd = open("/dev/myled1",O_RDWR);
            ioctl(fd,LED_ON,a);
            break;
        case 3:
            fd = open("/dev/myled2",O_RDWR);
            ioctl(fd,LED_ON,a);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        close(fd);
    }
    return 0;
}

头文件

#ifndef __HEAD_H__
#define __HEAD_H__

#define PHY_LED1_MODER 0X50006000
#define PHY_LED1_ODR   0X50006014
#define PHY_RCC        0X50000A28

#define PHY_LED2_MODER 0X50007000
#define PHY_LED2_ODR   0X50007014
#define LED_ON _IO('l',1)

#endif