Builder模式也是一种创建型模式,它主要适用于创建具有较多属性的对象,有些属性是可选的,有些是必选的。拿电脑攒机来举例,CPU、硬盘、内存条、主板等部件是必须具备的,而显示器、键盘、鼠标等不一定需要(比如服务器),这样的场景非常适合使用Builder模式来创建对象。
一、意图
将一个复杂对象的创建与它的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。
二、参与者
- Builder,为创建目标对象的各个部件指定抽象接口。
- ConcreteBuilder,实现Builder接口以构造和装配产品的各个部件。
- Product,表示一个复杂的对象。
- Client,一个使用Builder接口的对象。
三、UML类图
四、代码实现
package builder;
public class Computer {
private CPU cpu;
private Mouse mouse;
private HardDisk disk;
private Keyboard keyboard;
private Computer(Builder builder) {
this.cpu = builder.cpu;
this.mouse = builder.mouse;
this.disk = builder.disk;
this.keyboard = builder.keyboard;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Computer{" +
"cpu=" + cpu +
", mouse=" + mouse +
", disk=" + disk +
", keyboard=" + keyboard +
'}';
}
public static class Builder {
private CPU cpu;
private Mouse mouse;
private HardDisk disk;
private Keyboard keyboard;
public Builder(CPU cpu, HardDisk disk) {
this.cpu = cpu;
this.disk = disk;
}
public Builder addMouse(Mouse mouse) {
this.mouse = mouse;
return this;
}
public Builder addKeyboard(Keyboard keyboard) {
this.keyboard = keyboard;
return this;
}
public Computer build() {
return new Computer(this);
}
}
}
package builder;
public abstract class Part {
private String partName;
public Part(String partName) {
this.partName = partName;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Part{" +
"partName='" + partName + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
class HardDisk extends Part {
public HardDisk(String partName) {
super(partName);
}
}
class Keyboard extends Part {
public Keyboard(String partName) {
super(partName);
}
}
class Mouse extends Part {
public Mouse(String partName) {
super(partName);
}
}
class CPU extends Part {
public CPU(String partName) {
super(partName);
}
}
package builder;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Computer computer = new Computer.Builder(new CPU("AMD"), new HardDisk("Sumsung"))
.addMouse(new Mouse("Swift"))
.addKeyboard(new Keyboard("Unknown")).build();
System.out.println(computer.toString());
}
}
// 打印结果
Computer{cpu=Part{partName='AMD'}, mouse=Part{partName='Swift'}, disk=Part{partName='Sumsung'}, keyboard=Part{partName='Unknown'}}
Process finished with exit code 0
五、参考
- https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/builder-design-pattern-in-java
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Builder_pattern
设计模式系列博文导航
一、创建型 - 5种
原型模式(Prototype Pattern)
抽象工厂模式(Abstract Factory Pattern)
建造者模式(Builder Pattern)
工厂模式(Factory Pattern)
单例模式(Singleton Pattern)
助记语:原抽建工单
二、结构型 - 8种
享元模式(Flyweight Pattern)
代理模式(Proxy Pattern)
适配器模式(Adapter Pattern)
外观模式(Facade Pattern)
过滤器模式(Filter/Criteria Pattern)
桥接模式(Bridge Pattern)
组合模式(Composite Pattern)
装饰器模式(Decorator Pattern)
助记语:想呆室外,过桥组装
三、行为型 - 11种
责任链模式(Chain of Responsibility Pattern)
命令模式(Command Pattern)
解释器模式(Interpreter Pattern)
中介者模式(Mediator Pattern)
迭代器模式(Iterator Pattern)
观察者模式(Observer Pattern)
策略模式(Strategy Pattern)
状态模式(State Pattern)
备忘录模式(Memento Pattern)
模板方法模式(Template Pattern)
访问者模式(Visitor Pattern)
助记语:责令解中谍,观测状被模仿