命令模式将请求以命令的形式包裹在对象中,并传给调用对象。调用对象寻找可以处理该命令的合适的对象,并把该命令传给相应的对象,该对象执行命令。
一、UML类图
二、代码示例
以free TW为场景。
命令接口
public interface Command {
void execute();
}
具体命令类
1. 渡江命令
/**
* 联合
*/
public class CrossingCommand implements Command {
private NavyReceiver navyReceiver;
private AirforceReceiver airforceReceiver;
public CrossingCommand(NavyReceiver navyReceiver, AirforceReceiver airforceReceiver) {
this.navyReceiver = navyReceiver;
this.airforceReceiver = airforceReceiver;
}
@Override
public void execute() {
airforceReceiver.covering();
navyReceiver.crossing();
}
}
2. 总命令
public class GeneralAttackCommand implements Command {
private ArmyReceiver armyReceiver;
public GeneralAttackCommand(ArmyReceiver armyReceiver) {
this.armyReceiver = armyReceiver;
}
@Override
public void execute() {
armyReceiver.generalAttacking();
}
}
3. 随时可以添加新的命令,比如重建命令
public class RebuildCommand implements Command {
private RebuildOffice rebuildOffice;
public RebuildCommand(RebuildOffice rebuildOffice) {
this.rebuildOffice = rebuildOffice;
}
@Override
public void execute() {
rebuildOffice.rebuildingPostWar();
}
}
接收命令的类
1. 海Jun
public class NavyReceiver {
public void landing() {
System.out.println("Navy landing on Taiwan Island");
}
public void crossing() {
System.out.println("Navy crossing through Taiwan Island");
}
}
2. 陆Jun
public class ArmyReceiver {
public void generalAttacking() {
System.out.println("Army launches general attack.");
}
}
3. 空Jun
public class AirforceReceiver {
public void covering() {
System.out.println("Air Force covering over Taiwan Island");
}
}
4. 重建办公室
public class RebuildOffice {
public void rebuildingPostWar() {
System.out.println("Rebuild Taiwan after military action.");
}
}
总指挥
public class ChiefCommander {
private final List<Command> commands = new ArrayList<>();
public void addCommand(Command cmd) {
commands.add(cmd);
}
public void freeTaiwanOneKey() {
for (Command cmd : commands)
cmd.execute();
commands.clear();
}
}
测试类
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 总指挥
ChiefCommander chiefCommander = new ChiefCommander();
NavyReceiver navyReceiver = new NavyReceiver();
ArmyReceiver armyReceiver = new ArmyReceiver();
AirforceReceiver airforceReceiver = new AirforceReceiver();
Command crossingCmd = new CrossingCommand(navyReceiver, airforceReceiver);
Command attackingCmd = new GeneralAttackCommand(armyReceiver);
chiefCommander.addCommand(crossingCmd);
chiefCommander.addCommand(attackingCmd);
chiefCommander.freeTaiwanOneKey();
chiefCommander.addCommand(new RebuildCommand(new RebuildOffice()));
chiefCommander.freeTaiwanOneKey();
}
}
测试结果
Air Force covering over Taiwan Island
Navy crossing through Taiwan Island
Army launches general attack.
Rebuild Taiwan after military action.
Process finished with exit code 0
三、参考
- https://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/command-pattern.html
- https://blog.devgenius.io/the-command-pattern-in-java-8a545a56d68a
- https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/command-design-pattern
设计模式系列博文导航
一、创建型 - 5种
原型模式(Prototype Pattern)
抽象工厂模式(Abstract Factory Pattern)
建造者模式(Builder Pattern)
工厂模式(Factory Pattern)
单例模式(Singleton Pattern)
助记语:原抽建工单
二、结构型 - 8种
享元模式(Flyweight Pattern)
代理模式(Proxy Pattern)
适配器模式(Adapter Pattern)
外观模式(Facade Pattern)
过滤器模式(Filter/Criteria Pattern)
桥接模式(Bridge Pattern)
组合模式(Composite Pattern)
装饰器模式(Decorator Pattern)
助记语:想呆室外,过桥组装
三、行为型 - 11种
责任链模式(Chain of Responsibility Pattern)
命令模式(Command Pattern)
解释器模式(Interpreter Pattern)
中介者模式(Mediator Pattern)
迭代器模式(Iterator Pattern)
观察者模式(Observer Pattern)
策略模式(Strategy Pattern)
状态模式(State Pattern)
备忘录模式(Memento Pattern)
模板方法模式(Template Pattern)
访问者模式(Visitor Pattern)
助记语:责令解中谍,观测状被模仿