*动词随时间改变形态
现在简单式
1,动词形式
①be动词(状态、存在):am/are/is
②一般动词(动作):主词为第三人称单数动词加s
2,时间副词,now,every+时间
3,使用时机:表示现在的状态或动作
There are many vistors in the zoo.
Here comes the bus. there/here副词习惯放前面
4,表示现在习惯性动作
David often sleep during class.
My parents take/do exercise. (表运动时不能加s,活动筋骨式运动,不分项目) in the park every morning. math exerises数学题(n),play sports具体运动,球类...分项目
5,表示不变的事实、真理
The earth moves around the sum.
过去简单式
1,动词形式
①be动词:was/were
②一般动词:过去式动词(不分人称)
2,时间副词:yesterday(morning/afternoon/evening),the day before yesterday
last+时间(上...),last week, last night, last year
时间+ago(...前), two hours ago, five days ago
before(以前), then(at that time)
3,使用时机:表示过去的动作或状态,跟现在没关系,现在不是
I bought this yesterday.
There was an old temple over there.
4,表示过去习惯性的动作,used to+原形动词,过去习惯
My father used to smoke, but now he doesn't.
现在进行式
1,动词形式:be动词(am/are/is) + V-ing
2,现在分词(V-ing)的形成
①原形动词+ing,大部分动词;talking (to聊天,说话), saying(说一句话,一段话), speaking(说某一种语言)
②原形动词字尾有e,去e+ing;having, writing, coming
③原形动词子音+短母音+子音,重复字尾+ing;putting, cutting, swimming
We are eating breakfast now.
We ate breakfast before going to school. 介系词+动词ing
We eat breakfast every morning.
3,使用时机:表示现在正在进行中的动作
John is watching the baseball game on TV now.
4,表示重复发生的动作,常伴随着always, all the time, again and again,
He is always complaining (about+受词). be+句中always+v-ing
The car is breaking down all the time. 句尾,经常故障
5,表示最近的未来即将发生的动作,此法常用于某些动词,如:come, go, start, leave, arrive等,有目的地的来去动词
I'm leaving for(前往) Kenting tomorrow. 明天即将前去
My boyfriend is coming to see me this afternoon.
6,注意:某些动词不可用在进行式中
①表感官的动词:see/hear/smell等,looking at 盯着看,listening to 专心听
②表情感的动词:love, like, hate等
③其他:have(持续性的拥有), know等
I'm seeing the bird in the tree. 错误表述
I'm looking at the bird in the tree. 正确表述
过去进行式
1,动词形式:was/were+V-ing(现在分词)
He was playing frisbee in the park then.
2,使用时机:表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作
We were playing chess at eight yesterday evening.
比较,We played chess yesterday evening.
Lily was taking a bath(盆浴) when the doorbell rang. take a shower淋浴
3,表示过去时间某一期限中反复性的动作
Whenever i visited him, he was watching TV.
In these days, we were getting up at six o'clock.
未来式
*用来表示发生于未来的动作或状态
1,be going to +原形动词,be going to 含意常用于实现性非常高的或事先计划好的未来
2,时间副词:tomorrow(morning/afternoon/evening), the day after tomorrow
①next + 时间,下...,next week / next year
②in + 时间,在...当中,in a few days(几天之后/几天之内)/ in a week
I'm going to visit my uncle tomorrow.
I have to buy the ladder because i'm going to paint the house (white). 素描、铅笔画draw,油漆/画画(水彩、油画)paint
I don't feel good, i'm afraid i'm going to be sick.
Are they going to have a party on Christmas Eve?
3,will(将要), will+原形动词
We will leave junior high school soon. junior high school初中,senior high school高中
We are going to leave...,be going to强调计划性,will强调计划中未来的事情
We are leaving...
I will be fifteen years old next year. 不等于am going to,年龄不需事先计划,不用be going to
I can't move this large box.
I'll do it for you.(不等于I'm going to do it for you)
I will not change my mind. i'll/ i won't
4,will you...? 表请求或邀约
①表请求:Will you ...?
回答:Sure/OK/All right. No, i can't / I'm sorry i can't.
②表邀约:Will you...?
回答:Yes, please./Thank you. No, thank you.
Will you look after(take care of) the baby for me? -> Sure/I'm sorry, but i can't. 事无愿违
Will you have another cup of coffee? -> Yes/Please/No, thank you.