英语学习详细笔记（四）时态

*动词随时间改变形态

现在简单式

1，动词形式

①be动词（状态、存在）：am/are/is

②一般动词（动作）：主词为第三人称单数动词加s

2，时间副词，now，every+时间

3，使用时机：表示现在的状态或动作

There are many vistors in the zoo.

Here comes the bus.   there/here副词习惯放前面

4，表示现在习惯性动作

David often sleep during class.

My parents take/do exercise. (表运动时不能加s，活动筋骨式运动，不分项目) in the park every morning.  math exerises数学题(n)，play sports具体运动，球类...分项目

5，表示不变的事实、真理

The earth moves around the sum.

过去简单式

1，动词形式

①be动词：was/were

②一般动词：过去式动词（不分人称）

2，时间副词：yesterday(morning/afternoon/evening)，the day before yesterday

last+时间(上...)，last week, last night, last year

时间+ago(...前), two hours ago, five days ago

before(以前), then(at that time)

3，使用时机：表示过去的动作或状态，跟现在没关系，现在不是

I bought this yesterday.

There was an old temple over there.

4，表示过去习惯性的动作，used to+原形动词，过去习惯

My father used to smoke, but now he doesn't.

现在进行式

1，动词形式：be动词(am/are/is) + V-ing

2，现在分词（V-ing）的形成

①原形动词+ing，大部分动词；talking (to聊天，说话), saying(说一句话，一段话), speaking(说某一种语言)

②原形动词字尾有e，去e+ing；having, writing, coming

③原形动词子音+短母音+子音，重复字尾+ing；putting, cutting, swimming

We are eating breakfast now.

We ate breakfast before going to school.   介系词+动词ing

We eat breakfast every morning.

3，使用时机：表示现在正在进行中的动作

John is watching the baseball game on TV now.

4，表示重复发生的动作，常伴随着always, all the time, again and again，

He is always complaining (about+受词).   be+句中always+v-ing

The car is breaking down all the time.  句尾，经常故障

5，表示最近的未来即将发生的动作，此法常用于某些动词，如：come, go, start, leave, arrive等，有目的地的来去动词

I'm leaving for(前往) Kenting tomorrow. 明天即将前去

My boyfriend is coming to see me this afternoon.

6，注意：某些动词不可用在进行式中

①表感官的动词：see/hear/smell等，looking at 盯着看，listening to 专心听

②表情感的动词：love, like, hate等

③其他：have(持续性的拥有), know等

I'm seeing the bird in the tree. 错误表述

I'm looking at the bird in the tree. 正确表述

过去进行式

1，动词形式：was/were+V-ing(现在分词)

He was playing frisbee in the park then.

2，使用时机：表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作

We were playing chess at eight yesterday evening.

比较，We played chess yesterday evening.

Lily was taking a bath(盆浴) when the doorbell rang.  take a shower淋浴

3，表示过去时间某一期限中反复性的动作

Whenever i visited him, he was watching TV.

In these days, we were getting up at six o'clock.

未来式

*用来表示发生于未来的动作或状态

1，be going to +原形动词，be going to 含意常用于实现性非常高的或事先计划好的未来

2，时间副词：tomorrow(morning/afternoon/evening), the day after tomorrow

①next + 时间，下...，next week / next year

②in + 时间，在...当中，in a few days(几天之后/几天之内)/ in a week

I'm going to visit my uncle tomorrow.

I have to buy the ladder because i'm going to paint the house (white). 素描、铅笔画draw，油漆/画画（水彩、油画）paint

I don't feel good, i'm afraid i'm going to be sick.

Are they going to have a party on Christmas Eve?

3，will(将要)， will+原形动词

We will leave junior high school soon.  junior high school初中，senior high school高中

We are going to leave...，be going to强调计划性，will强调计划中未来的事情

We are leaving...

I will be fifteen years old next year. 不等于am going to，年龄不需事先计划，不用be going to

I can't move this large box.

I'll do it for you.(不等于I'm going to do it for you)

I will not change my mind.   i'll/ i won't

4，will you...? 表请求或邀约

①表请求：Will you ...?

回答：Sure/OK/All right.   No, i can't / I'm sorry i can't.

②表邀约：Will you...?

回答：Yes, please./Thank you.   No, thank you.

Will you look after(take care of) the baby for me? -> Sure/I'm sorry, but i can't. 事无愿违

Will you have another cup of coffee? -> Yes/Please/No, thank you.