英语学习详细笔记（七）不定式

不定词，to V

1，作名词：当主词、受词、补语

(To buy)/(Buying) things in a flea market must(aux) be fun.

2，作形容词：修饰名词

I have a lot of things to buy.

3，副词：表目的、原因等

I went there to buy notebooks.

不定词当主词

1，To travel around the world is fun.

To answer the question is difficult for me. 对我而言回答这个问题是困难的。for 人, 对...而言

*注意：不定词放句首当主词时，视为一件事，其后须接单数动词。

To solve pollution problems is hard for people in XX. 对xx地民众而言，要解决污染问题是困难的。

To be patient with others is best for you.

It is best for you to be patient with others.

2，句型：It's 形容词(修饰事物) for 人 to V...，It's 形容词(修饰人) of 人 to V...

*修饰人的形容词：good, nice kind, brave, clever, careless, honest, bad, stupid, silly, selfish, polite

It's kind of you to help me.

You are kind to help me.

It's stupid of him to speak ill of others.他说别人的坏话是愚蠢的。

不定词当受词

1，放一般V之后

I like baseball.

I like to play baseball.

I decided to quit the job.我决定辞掉工作。

He hoped to be/get there on time.

*注意：有些动词，如decide, hope, want, expect, volunteer等，必用不定词当受词。

I want (would like) to see a movie with my friends.我想要和我的朋友们一起去看电影。

You needn't go if you don't want to (go). 你不需要去如果你不想去的话。need可当动词/助动词。

*注意：to后面的动词和前面相同时，则动词可省略。

不定词当补语

1，当主词补语，放在be动词或连缀动词(become, look)之后，补充说明补语。

My work is to prepare dinner.准备晚餐。

My aim in life is to become a famous singer.我人生的目标是成为名歌手。

To see is to believe.眼见为实。

2，当受词补语，即主词+动词+受词+受词补语

He wants me to do it.

He told me to quit/to give up smoking.

She got her husband to clean up the house.

*注意：有些动词，如want, would like, ask, teach, tell, get, show等，用不定词当受词补语。

He asked me not to tell her the truth. 他要求我不要跟她说实话。ask 人 to V

He didn't ask me to tell her the truth. 他没要求我跟她说实话。本动词(主语后的动词)的否定 -> aux + not +V

*注意：否定不定词 -> not+toV

不定词的形容词用法

*N+toV

*something...+toV

1，修饰名词

I have letters to write.

My mother has a lot of housework to do everyday.

2，修饰something等

I’ll give you something to eat.

Do you have anything to read.

*注意：有些不定词之后会伴随着介系词。

They have a lot of things to talk about.   talk about事

Please give me a ball-point pen to write with(用).

不定词的副词用法

1，表目的，此时可用in order to + V 代替

She went to London to study English/ in order to study English.

*注意：go和come通常其后不接不定词，而用and

come (and) see me

2，表原因，跟在表感情的形容词之后

I am glad to see you.

We are sorry to hear the news.

含不定词的句型

1，疑问词+ to V，为名词片语，当主词、受词、补语

Which way to go is a big problem.

I know how to operate the machine.

He told me where to take the bus.

2，V too 副 to V，beV too 形 to V，太...不能...，形+be动词，副+一般动词

You are too young to understand the whole thing.

The weater is too hot for me to drink.

He worked too slowly to finish it. 他工作得太慢无法完成这件事。

3，(V+副)/(beV+形) + enough  to...，够...可以...

My younger brother is old enough to go to(介) school.

Bob worked hard enough to pass the exam.