状态机实验

一：实验任务

画出可以检测10010串的状态图，并用verilog编程实现

思路：

使用按键KEY1和KEY2分别代表0和1，这里要使用按键消抖，可以参考我的另一篇博客中的按键消抖FPGA按键消抖+蜂鸣器

通过有限的6个状态进行切换，当识别到数字串10010时，LED闪烁2s。

状态图：

 

设计按键消抖模块

key_debounce.v

module key_debounce(
	input  wire  clk,
	input  wire  rst_n,
	input  wire  key,
	
	output reg   flag,               //判断抖动是否消除的标志信号，0为抖动，1为抖动结束
	output reg   key_value           //消抖后稳定的按键值给到蜂鸣器模块和LED模块
);

//定义20ms延迟计数器,0.2s,1_000_000次
reg [19:0] delay_cnt;

//寄存依次key的值用来判断按键是否消抖成功
reg key_reg;

//按下按键20ms延时计数器
always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
	if(!rst_n)
		begin
			key_reg <= 1'b1;                        //复位信号，设置按键无效
			delay_cnt <= 1'b0;                      //计数器设置为0
		end
	else
		begin
			key_reg <= key; 
			if(key_reg ^ key)            //当这一次key值和上一次key值不一样，证明正在抖动
				delay_cnt <= 20'd1_000_000;          //延迟时间20ms
			else if(delay_cnt > 0)
				delay_cnt <= delay_cnt - 1;          //没有抖动，开始20ms倒计时
			else
				delay_cnt <= 1'b0;                  
		end
end

//根据延时计数器获取按键状态以及按键值
always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
	if(!rst_n)
		begin
		   flag <= 1'b0;                               //复位信号，设置信号标志为抖动
			key_value <= 1'b1;                          //设置抽样值为1
		end
	else
		begin
			if(delay_cnt == 20'd1)                      //倒计时1_000_000到1
				begin
					flag <= 1'b1;
					key_value <= key;                     //稳定20ms后将key值给到key_value
				end
			else	
				begin
					flag <= 1'b0;
					key_value <= key_value;               //20ms内先不取样
				end
		end
end

endmodule

 设计状态机模块Verilog HDL文件

fsm_10010.v

module fsm_10010(
	input                  clk,
	input                  rst_n,
	input           [1:0]  key,
	
	output   wire   [3:0]  led
);
parameter MAX_NUM = 24'd9_999_999;//0.2s计时器
parameter T = 4'd10;//2s,100_000_000次

reg [2:0] cstate;               //现态

//状态划分
localparam state_0 = 0;      //初始状态
localparam state_1 = 1;      //按下1 
localparam state_10 = 2;     //按下10
localparam state_100 = 3;    //按下100
localparam state_1001 = 4;   //按下1001 
localparam state_10010 = 5;  //按下10010

reg [3:0] cnt = 0;             //计时器赋初值为0
reg [23:0] cnt_02 = 0;
reg time_flag;//计时标志，1：开始计时，0：结束计时
reg [3:0] led_r;

//0.2计数器模块
always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
	if(!rst_n)
		cnt_02 <= 1'b0;               //按下复位键，清零
	else if(cnt_02 == MAX_NUM)    
		cnt_02 <= 1'b0;
	else
		cnt_02 <= cnt_02 + 1'b1;         
end

//2s计数器模块
always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
	if(!rst_n)
		cnt <= 1'b0;//按下复位键，清零
	else if(time_flag == 1'b1)begin//开始计时
		if(cnt_02 == MAX_NUM)begin
			if(cnt < T)begin
				cnt <= cnt + 1'b1;
			end
			else begin
				cnt <= 1'b0;//cnt计数达到最大就清空
			end
		end
		else begin
			cnt <= cnt;//其余时间保持
		end
	end
	else begin
		cnt <= 1'b0;//不计时，cnt清空
	end
end

//状态切换模块
always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
	if(!rst_n)
		begin
			cstate <= state_0;
		end
	else
		case(cstate)
			state_0: begin
								if(key[1] == 1'b1)            //该状态持续时间为1s，1s后，下一次状态更改为led1亮
									cstate <= state_1;
								else if(key[0] == 1'b1)
									cstate <= state_0;
								else
									cstate <= state_0;
							end
			state_1: begin
								if(key[0] == 1'b1)
									cstate <= state_10;
								else if(key[1] == 1'b1)
									cstate <= state_0;
								else
									cstate <= state_1;
							end
			state_10: begin
								if(key[0] == 1'b1)
									cstate <= state_100;
								else if(key[1] == 1'b1)
									cstate <= state_0;
								else
									cstate <= state_10;
							end
			state_100: begin
								if(key[1] == 1'b1)
									cstate <= state_1001;
								else if(key[0] == 1'b1)
									cstate <= state_0;
								else
									cstate <= state_100;
							end
			state_1001: begin
								if(key[0] == 1'b1)begin
									cstate <= state_10010;
									time_flag <= 1'b1;//开始计时
								end
								else if(key[1] == 1'b1)
									cstate <= state_0;
								else
									cstate <= state_1001;
							end
			state_10010: begin
								if(cnt == T)begin
									cstate <= state_0;
									time_flag <= 1'b0;//结束计时
								end
								else
									cstate <= state_10010;
							end
			default:    ;
      endcase
end

//第三段：跟随状态输出
always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
	if(!rst_n)
		led_r <= 4'b0001;
	else
		case(cstate)
			state_10010:if(cnt_02 == 24'd4_999_999)
								led_r <= 4'b1111;
							else if(cnt_02 == MAX_NUM)
								led_r <= 4'b0000;
							else
								led_r <= led_r;
			default    : led_r <= 4'b0001;
		endcase

end

assign led = led_r;

endmodule
					

设计顶层模块

top_fsm_10010.v

module top_fsm_10010(
	input wire        clk,
	input wire 		   rst_n,
	input wire  [1:0] key,
	
	output wire [3:0] led
);
wire [1:0] flag;
wire [1:0] key_value;

//例化按键KEY1
key_debounce inst_key_debounce(
.clk      (clk         ),
.rst_n    (rst_n       ),
.key      (key[0]      ),
		
.flag     (flag[0]     ),               //判断抖动是否消除的标志信号，0为抖动，1为抖动结束
.key_value(key_value[0])           //消抖后稳定的按键值给到蜂鸣器模块和LED模块
);

//例化按键KEY2
key_debounce inst_key_debounce1(
.clk      (clk         ),
.rst_n    (rst_n       ),
.key      (key[1]      ),
		
.flag     (flag[1]     ),               //判断抖动是否消除的标志信号，0为抖动，1为抖动结束
.key_value(key_value[1])           //消抖后稳定的按键值给到蜂鸣器模块和LED模块
);

//例化状态机
fsm_10010(
.clk  (clk         ),
.rst_n(rst_n       ),
.key  ({~key_value[1]&&flag[1],~key_value[0]&&flag[0]}),
	     	
.led  (led)
);
endmodule

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