隐函数存在定理

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-06 11:42:39 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-08-06 11:42:39 发布

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文章标签：隐函数

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/phoenix198425/article/details/78607788

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设 $m,n \in \mathbb N, m, n \ge 1,$ 考虑 $m$ 个 $n + m$ 元函数组成的方程组：

⎧ ⎩ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ F 1 (x 1, x 2, \dots, x n, y 1, y 2, \dots, y m) = 0, F 2 (x 1, x 2, \dots, x n, y 1, y 2, \dots, y m) = 0, \dots \dots F m (x 1, x 2, \dots, x n, y 1, y 2, \dots, y m) = 0,

$\left\{ \begin{array}{c} F_1 (x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n, y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_m) = 0, \\ F_2 (x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n, y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_m) = 0, \\ \cdots \cdots \\ F_m (x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n, y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_m) = 0, \end{array} \right.$

定义：

\partial ( F 1 , F 2 , \dots , F m ) \partial ( y 1 , y 2 , \dots , y m ) = ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ \partial F 1 \partial y 1, \partial F 1 \partial y 2, \dots, \partial F 1 \partial y m \partial F 2 \partial y 2, \partial F 2 \partial y 2, \dots, \partial F 2 \partial y m \partial F m \partial y 1, \partial F m \partial y 2, \dots, \partial F m \partial y m ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

$\frac { \partial ( F_1, F_2, \cdots, F_m)} { \partial (y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_m) } = \begin{vmatrix} \frac { \partial F_1 } { \partial y_1}, \frac { \partial F_1 } { \partial y_2}, \cdots, \frac { \partial F_1 } { \partial y_m} \\ \frac { \partial F_2 } { \partial y_2}, \frac { \partial F_2 } { \partial y_2}, \cdots, \frac { \partial F_2 } { \partial y_m} \\ \frac { \partial F_m } { \partial y_1}, \frac { \partial F_m } { \partial y_2}, \cdots, \frac { \partial F_m } { \partial y_m} \end{vmatrix}$

为函数 $F_1, F_2, \cdots, F_m$ 关于变量 $y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_m$ 的 Jacobi 行列式。

设 $m$ 个 $n + m$ 元函数 $F_i(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n, y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_m), i \in \mathbb N, 1 \le i \le m$ 满足以下条件：

(1) $F_i(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n, y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_m) = 0, i \in \mathbb N, 1 \le i \le m$ ；
(2) 在闭长方体
$\quad D = \{ (x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n, y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_m) \vert \vert x_i - x_i^0 \vert \le a, \vert y_j - y_j^0 \vert \le b,$
$\quad i, j \in N, 1 \le i \le n, 1 \le j\le m \}$ 上，函数 $F_i (i \in N, 1 \le i \le m)$ 连续，且具有
$\ \ \$ 连续偏导数；
(3) 在点 $(x_1^0, x_2^0, \cdots, x_n^0, y_1^0, y_2^0, \cdots, y_m^0)$ 处，Jacobi 行列式

\partial ( F 1 , F 2 , \dots , F m ) \partial ( y 1 , y 2 , \dots , y m ) \neq 0,

$\frac { \partial ( F_1, F_2, \cdots, F_m)} { \partial (y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_m) } \ne 0,$

那么：
(1) 在点 $(x_1^0, x_2^0, \cdots, x_n^0, y_1^0, y_2^0, \cdots, y_m^0)$ 的某个邻域上，可以从函数方程组

⎧ ⎩ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ F 1 (x 1, x 2, \dots, x n, y 1, y 2, \dots, y m) = 0, F 2 (x 1, x 2, \dots, x n, y 1, y 2, \dots, y m) = 0, \dots \dots F m (x 1, x 2, \dots, x n, y 1, y 2, \dots, y m) = 0,

唯一确定向量值隐函数

⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ y 1 y 2 ⋮ y m ⎞ ⎠ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ = ⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ f 1 (x 1, x 2, \dots, x n) f 2 (x 1, x 2, \dots, x n) ⋮ f m (x 1, x 2, \dots, x n) ⎞ ⎠ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟

$\begin{pmatrix} y_1\\ y_2 \\ \vdots\\ y_m \end {pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} f_1(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n) \\ f_2(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n) \\ \vdots \\ f_m(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n) \end {pmatrix}$

它满足方程
$F_i (x_1, x_2, \cdots x_n, f_1(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n), f_2(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n), \cdots , f_m(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n) ) = 0,$ 以及 $y_i^0 = f_i (x_1^0 , x_2^0 , \cdots, x_n^0 ), i \in \mathbb N, 1 \le i \le m$ ；
(2) 这个向量值隐函数在 $O((x_1^0, x_2^0, \cdots, x_n^0), \rho)$ 上连续；
(3) 这个向量值隐函数在 $O((x_1^0, x_2^0, \cdots, x_n^0), \rho)$ 上具有连续的导数，且

⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ \partial y 1 \partial x 1 \partial y 2 \partial x 1 ⋮ \partial y m \partial x 1 \partial y 1 \partial x 2 \partial y 2 \partial x 2 ⋮ \partial y m \partial x 2 \dots \dots \dots \partial y 1 \partial x n \partial y 2 \partial x n ⋮ \partial y m \partial x n ⎞ ⎠ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ = - ⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ \partial F 1 \partial y 1 \partial F 2 \partial y 1 ⋮ \partial F m \partial y 1 \partial F 1 \partial y 2 \partial F 2 \partial y 2 ⋮ \partial F m \partial y 2 \dots \dots \dots \partial F 1 \partial y m \partial F 2 \partial y m ⋮ \partial F m \partial y m ⎞ ⎠ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ - 1 ⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ \partial F 1 \partial x 1 \partial F 2 \partial x 1 ⋮ \partial F m \partial x 1 \partial F 1 \partial x 2 \partial F 2 \partial x 2 ⋮ \partial F m \partial x 2 \dots \dots \dots \partial F 1 \partial x n \partial F 2 \partial x n ⋮ \partial F m \partial x n ⎞ ⎠ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟

$\begin{pmatrix} \frac {\partial y_1} {\partial x_1} & \frac {\partial y_1} {\partial x_2} & \cdots & \frac {\partial y_1} {\partial x_n } \\ \frac {\partial y_2} {\partial x_1} & \frac {\partial y_2} {\partial x_2} & \cdots & \frac {\partial y_2} {\partial x_n } \\ \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots \\ \frac {\partial y_m} {\partial x_1} & \frac {\partial y_m} {\partial x_2} &\cdots & \frac {\partial y_m} {\partial x_n } \end {pmatrix} = - \begin{pmatrix} \frac {\partial F_1} {\partial y_1} & \frac {\partial F_1} {\partial y_2} & \cdots & \frac {\partial F_1} {\partial y_m} \\ \frac {\partial F_2} {\partial y_1} & \frac {\partial F_2} {\partial y_2} & \cdots & \frac {\partial F_2} {\partial y_m} \\ \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots \\ \frac {\partial F_m} {\partial y_1} & \frac {\partial F_m} {\partial y_2} & \cdots & \frac {\partial F_m} {\partial y_m} \end {pmatrix} ^{-1} \begin{pmatrix} \frac {\partial F_1} {\partial x_1} & \frac {\partial F_1} {\partial x_2} & \cdots & \frac {\partial F_1} {\partial x_n } \\ \frac {\partial F_2} {\partial x_1} & \frac {\partial F_2} {\partial x_2} & \cdots & \frac {\partial F_2} {\partial x_n } \\ \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots \\ \frac {\partial F_m} {\partial x_1} & \frac {\partial F_m} {\partial x_2} &\cdots & \frac {\partial F_m} {\partial x_n } \end {pmatrix}$