多维空间内过 n + 1 个点的空间的性质

设有 $n + 1\ (n \in \mathbb N, n \ge 1)$ 个点 $\left \{ \alpha_i, i \in \mathbb N, 1 \le i \le n + 1 \right \}$ , $\beta_i = \alpha_i - \alpha_{n + 1}, 1 \le i \le n.$

引理一

$\left \{ \sum _{i = 1} ^{n + 1} x_i \alpha_i : \sum _{i = 1} ^{n + 1} x_i = 1 \right \} = \left \{ \sum _{i = 1} ^{n} x_i \beta_i + \alpha_{n + 1}, x_i \in R \right \}$

证明：

由 $\sum _{i = 1} ^{n + 1} x_i = 1 \Leftrightarrow x_{n + 1} = 1 - \sum _{i = 1} ^{n} x_i$ 得：
$\sum _{i = 1} ^{n + 1} x_i \alpha_i$
$= \sum _{i = 1} ^{n} x_i \alpha_i + x_{n + 1} \alpha_{n + 1}$
$= \sum _{i = 1} ^{n} x_i \alpha_i + (1 - \sum _{i = 1} ^{n} x_i) \alpha_{n + 1}$
$= \sum _{i = 1} ^{n} x_i (\alpha_i - \alpha_{n + 1}) + \alpha_{n + 1}$
$= \sum _{i = 1} ^{n} x_i \beta_i + \alpha_{n + 1}$
反之亦然。

引理二

{ ∑n+1i=1x<