设有 n+1 (n∈N,n≥1) n + 1 ( n ∈ N , n ≥ 1 ) 个点 { αi,i∈N,1≤i≤n+1} { α i , i ∈ N , 1 ≤ i ≤ n + 1 } , βi=αi−αn+1,1≤i≤n. β i = α i − α n + 1 , 1 ≤ i ≤ n .
引理一
{ ∑n+1i=1xiαi:∑n+1i=1xi=1}={ ∑ni=1xiβi+αn+1,xi∈R} { ∑ i = 1 n + 1 x i α i : ∑ i = 1 n + 1 x i = 1 } = { ∑ i = 1 n x i β i + α n + 1 , x i ∈ R }
证明:
由 ∑n+1i=1xi=1⇔xn+1=1−∑ni=1xi ∑ i = 1 n + 1 x i = 1 ⇔ x n + 1 = 1 − ∑ i = 1 n x i 得:
∑n+1i=1xiαi ∑ i = 1 n + 1 x i α i
=∑ni=1xiαi+xn+1αn+1 = ∑ i = 1 n x i α i + x n + 1 α n + 1
=∑ni=1xiαi+(1−∑ni=1xi)αn+1 = ∑ i = 1 n x i α i + ( 1 − ∑ i = 1 n x i ) α n + 1
=∑ni=1xi(αi−αn+1)+αn+1 = ∑ i = 1 n x i ( α i − α n + 1 ) + α n + 1
=∑ni=1xiβi+αn+1 = ∑ i = 1 n x i β i + α n + 1
反之亦然。
引理二
{ ∑n+1i=1x<