linux驱动笔记-uart驱动

struct uart_driver

每一款SoC的UART都需要去实现并定义个属于它自己uart_driver结构，uart_driver包含了串口设备名，串口驱动名，主次设备号，串口控制台（可选））等信息，还封装了tty_driver，定义在include/linux/serial_core.h：

struct uart_driver {
        struct module           *owner;
        const char              *driver_name;
        const char              *dev_name;
        int                      major;
        int                      minor;
        int                      nr;
        struct console          *cons;

        /*
         * these are private; the low level driver should not
         * touch these; they should be initialised to NULL
         */
        struct uart_state       *state;
        struct tty_driver       *tty_driver;
};

struct uart_state

每一个uart端口对应着一个uart_state，该结构体将uart_port与对应的circ_buf联系起来。uart_state有两个成员在底层串口驱动会用到:xmit和port。

struct uart_state {
        struct tty_port         port;

        enum uart_pm_state      pm_state;
        struct circ_buf         xmit;

        atomic_t                refcount;
        wait_queue_head_t       remove_wait;
        struct uart_port        *uart_port;
};

struct uart_port

uart_port存储的是与UART串口硬件相关的信息，需要芯片厂家定义自己的 uart_port 结构并填充它。

struct uart_ops

uart_ops定义了UART硬件相关相关的操作集，芯片厂家需要进行硬件寄存器级的适配其中各个操作

struct uart_ops {
        unsigned int    (*tx_empty)(struct uart_port *);
        void            (*set_mctrl)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int mctrl);
        unsigned int    (*get_mctrl)(struct uart_port *);
        void            (*stop_tx)(struct uart_port *);
        void            (*start_tx)(struct uart_port *);
        void            (*throttle)(struct uart_port *);
        void            (*unthrottle)(struct uart_port *);
        void            (*send_xchar)(struct uart_port *, char ch);
        void            (*stop_rx)(struct uart_port *);
        void            (*enable_ms)(struct uart_port *);
        void            (*break_ctl)(struct uart_port *, int ctl);
        int             (*startup)(struct uart_port *);
        void            (*shutdown)(struct uart_port *);
        void            (*flush_buffer)(struct uart_port *);
        void            (*set_termios)(struct uart_port *, struct ktermios *new,
                                       struct ktermios *old);
        void            (*set_ldisc)(struct uart_port *, struct ktermios *);
        void            (*pm)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int state,
                              unsigned int oldstate);

    /*
     * Return a string describing the type of the port
     */
    const char      *(*type)(struct uart_port *);

    /*
     * Release IO and memory resources used by the port.
     * This includes iounmap if necessary.
     */
    void            (*release_port)(struct uart_port *);

    /*
     * Request IO and memory resources used by the port.
     * This includes iomapping the port if necessary.
     */
    int             (*request_port)(struct uart_port *);
    void            (*config_port)(struct uart_port *, int);
    int             (*verify_port)(struct uart_port *, struct serial_struct *);
    int             (*ioctl)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
#ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL
        int             (*poll_init)(struct uart_port *);
        void            (*poll_put_char)(struct uart_port *, unsigned char);
        int             (*poll_get_char)(struct uart_port *);
#endif
};

uart驱动API

uart_register_driver用于注册UART设备，实际上就是tty_driver的注册，都是将uart的参数传递给tty_driver，后注册字符设备、分配设备文件、将驱动注册到tty_driver链表中。

uart驱动编写流程

经过对UART相关数据结构和API的分析，我们大概了解到，要实现一个串口驱动，我们需要定义以下数据结构：

1. uart_driver结构，一个；
2. uart_port结构，多个，取决于串口的数量；
3. uart_ops串口的操作集，可能一个，也可能多个；
   同时需要调用的API有：
4. uart_register_driver，一次；
5. uart_add_one_port，多次；