实例：绘制散点直方图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 使用ggplot风格
plt.style.use('ggplot')

# 生成正相关随机散点
x = np.random.randn(200)
y = x + np.random.randn(200) * 0.5

# 设置各图坐标
margin_boder = 0.1
width = 0.6
height = 0.2
margin_between = 0.02

left_s = margin_boder
bottom_s = margin_boder
width_s = width
heigh_s = width

left_x = margin_boder
bottom_x = margin_boder + width + margin_between
heigh_x = height
width_x = width

left_y = margin_boder + width + margin_between
bottom_y = margin_boder
heigh_y = width
width_y = height

# 生成正方形画布
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(8, 8))

# 生成坐标系位置参数
rect_s = [left_s, bottom_s, width_s, heigh_s]
rect_x = [left_x, bottom_x, width_x, heigh_x]
rect_y = [left_y, bottom_y, width_y, heigh_y]

# 生成坐标系
axScatter = plt.axes(rect_s)
axHisX = plt.axes(rect_x)
axHisY = plt.axes(rect_y)

# 清楚无用坐标刻度
axHisX.set_xticks([])
axHisY.set_yticks([])

# 设置直方图条形宽度
bin_width = 0.25
xymax = np.max([np.max(np.fabs(x)), np.max(np.fabs(y))])
lim = int(xymax / bin_width + 1) * bin_width

# 设置统一坐标系范围
axScatter.set_xlim(-lim, lim)
axScatter.set_ylim(-lim, lim)

# 绘制散点图
axScatter.scatter(x, y, color='b')

# 绘制直方图
bins = np.arange(-lim, lim + bin_width, bin_width)
axHisX.hist(x, bins=bins, width=[bin_width * 0.9])
axHisY.hist(y, bins=bins, orientation='horizontal',height=[bin_width * 0.9])

axHisX.set_xlim(axScatter.get_xlim())
axHisY.set_ylim(axScatter.get_ylim())

# 设置全局title
fig.suptitle("Scatter and Hist",fontsize=20)

plt.show()