(十四) 图像梯度

(1) 单向梯度

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv                                                                      
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv.imread('dave.jpg',0)
laplacian = cv.Laplacian(img,cv.CV_64F)
sobelx = cv.Sobel(img,cv.CV_64F,1,0,ksize=5)
sobely = cv.Sobel(img,cv.CV_64F,0,1,ksize=5)
plt.subplot(2,2,1),plt.imshow(img,cmap = 'gray')
plt.title('Original'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(2,2,2),plt.imshow(laplacian,cmap = 'gray')
plt.title('Laplacian'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(2,2,3),plt.imshow(sobelx,cmap = 'gray')
plt.title('Sobel X'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(2,2,4),plt.imshow(sobely,cmap = 'gray')
plt.title('Sobel Y'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

(2) 检测黑-白与白-黑图像的边缘

图像的输出是cv.CV_8U或np.uint8。对于黑-白过渡被认为是正值，白-黑过渡被认为是负值，把数据转化为np.uint8,所有负值变为0，如果想到检测两边，需要将数据类型进行提高，例如像cv.CV_64F，再取绝对值，最后将数据转化为cv.CV_8U

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv.imread('box.png',0)
sobelx8u = cv.Sobel(img,cv.CV_8U,1,0,ksize=5)
sobelx64f = cv.Sobel(img,cv.CV_64F,1,0,ksize=5)
abs_sobel64f = np.absolute(sobelx64f)
sobel_8u = np.uint8(abs_sobel64f)
plt.subplot(1,3,1),plt.imshow(img,cmap = 'gray')
plt.title('Original'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(1,3,2),plt.imshow(sobelx8u,cmap = 'gray')
plt.title('Sobel CV_8U'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(1,3,3),plt.imshow(sobel_8u,cmap = 'gray')
plt.title('Sobel abs(CV_64F)'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()