opencv中YAML或XML的输入与输出数据方法

用opencv对YAML或XML的操作分为两种操作，操作与所对应的opencv类如下：

输入数据 ：FileStorag；

输出数据 ：FileStorag ，FileNode ，FileNodeIterator；

        因为对YAML与XML的操作都是一样的，只是读取文件时前者后缀是 .yaml 后者是 .xml，所以在这只举例对YAML操作，输入的数据类型有一般常类型（如int），矩阵，序列（vector），maps和自定义的类。不管是输入还是输出数据都是通过键值的方式，输入时先输入键再输入对应的值，输出时是由键索引值，通过下面代码会容易理解。

1.输入数据 

数据有：

整型 int 100 ;

矩阵 Mat R = Mat_<uchar>::eye(3, 3),T = Mat_<double>::zeros(3, 1);

序列 ["image1.jpg" ，"Awesomeness" ，"baboon.jpg"]；

maps  {One:1,Two:2 };

自定义类 MyData m(1);//类的具体定义在下面代码中给出

代码：

            
 string filename = "E:\\test.yaml";
 FileStorage fs;
 fs.open(filename,FileStorage::WRITE);

            //输入100 
            fs << "iterationNr" << 100;
            //输入序列
            fs << "strings" << "[";                              
            fs << "image1.jpg" << "Awesomeness" << "baboon.jpg";
            fs << "]";                                           
           
            //输入maps
            fs << "Mapping";                              
            fs << "{" << "One" << 1;
            fs <<        "Two" << 2 << "}";
           
            //输入矩阵
            fs << "R" << R;                                      
            fs << "T" << T;
           
            //输入自定义类
            fs << "MyData" << m;

fs.release();

2.输出数据

代码：

 FileStorage fs;
 fs.open(filename, FileStorage::READ);

             int itNr;
            //fs["iterationNr"] >> itNr;
            itNr = (int) fs["iterationNr"];
            cout << itNr;
            if (!fs.isOpened())
            {
                cerr << "Failed to open " << filename << endl;

                return 1;
            }
            
            //获取节点
            FileNode n = fs["strings"];                         
            if (n.type() != FileNode::SEQ)
            {
                cerr << "strings is not a sequence! FAIL" << endl;
                return 1;
            }
            //遍历序列输出各元素
            FileNodeIterator it = n.begin(), it_end = n.end(); 
            for (; it != it_end; ++it)
                cout << (string)*it << endl;

            //遍历maps输出各元素
            n = fs["Mapping"];                                
            cout << "Two  " << (int)(n["Two"]) << "; ";
            cout << "One  " << (int)(n["One"]) << endl << endl;


            MyData m;
            Mat R, T;
            
            //输出矩阵
            fs["R"] >> R;                                      
            fs["T"] >> T;
            //输出自定义类
            fs["MyData"] >> m;

      当打开文件时，会使用FileStorag类的一个open()函数，这个函数中的第一个参数是文件名路径，第二个参数都以常量形式指定你要对文件进行操作的类型，包括：WRITE, READ 或 APPEND。

3.完整的代码如下：

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;


class MyData
{
public:
    MyData() : A(0), X(0), id() {}
    explicit MyData(int) : A(97), X(CV_PI), id("mydata1234") {}  

    void write(FileStorage& fs) const                        //将类的数据写入到fs
    {
        fs << "{" << "A" << A << "X" << X << "id" << id << "}";
    }
    void read(const FileNode& node)                          //将node的数据读入类中
    {
        A = (int)node["A"];
        X = (double)node["X"];
        id = (string)node["id"];
    }
public:   // Data Members
    int A;
    double X;
    string id;
};

//These write and read functions must be defined for the serialization in FileStorage to work
void write(FileStorage& fs, const std::string&, const MyData& x)
{
    x.write(fs);//将x类中的数据写入到fs中
}
void read(const FileNode& node, MyData& x, const MyData& default_value = MyData())
{
    if(node.empty())
        x = default_value;
    else
        x.read(node);//将node的数据读入到x类中
}

// 对<<的重载，将类的属性输出
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MyData& m)
{
    out << "{ id = " << m.id << ", ";
    out << "X = " << m.X << ", ";
    out << "A = " << m.A << "}";
    return out;
}

int main()
{

      string filename = "E:\\test.yaml";
        { //write
            Mat R = Mat_<uchar>::eye(3, 3),
                T = Mat_<double>::zeros(3, 1);
            MyData m(1);

            FileStorage fs(filename, FileStorage::WRITE);

            fs << "iterationNr" << 100;
            //输入序列
            fs << "strings" << "[";                              
            fs << "image1.jpg" << "Awesomeness" << "baboon.jpg";
            fs << "]";                                           
           
            //输入maps
            fs << "Mapping";                              
            fs << "{" << "One" << 1;
            fs <<        "Two" << 2 << "}";
           
            //输入矩阵
            fs << "R" << R;                                      
            fs << "T" << T;
           
            //输入自定义类
            fs << "MyData" << m;                                

            fs.release();                                       
            cout << "Write Done." << endl;
        }

        {//read
            cout << endl << "Reading: " << endl;
            FileStorage fs;
            fs.open(filename, FileStorage::READ);

            int itNr;
            //fs["iterationNr"] >> itNr;
            itNr = (int) fs["iterationNr"];
            cout << itNr;
            if (!fs.isOpened())
            {
                cerr << "Failed to open " << filename << endl;

                return 1;
            }
            
            //获取节点
            FileNode n = fs["strings"];                        
            if (n.type() != FileNode::SEQ)
            {
                cerr << "strings is not a sequence! FAIL" << endl;
                return 1;
            }
            //遍历序列输出各元素
            FileNodeIterator it = n.begin(), it_end = n.end(); 
            for (; it != it_end; ++it)
                cout << (string)*it << endl;

            //遍历maps输出各元素
            n = fs["Mapping"];                                
            cout << "Two  " << (int)(n["Two"]) << "; ";
            cout << "One  " << (int)(n["One"]) << endl << endl;


            MyData m;
            Mat R, T;
            
            //输出矩阵
            fs["R"] >> R;                                     
            fs["T"] >> T;
            //输出自定义类
            fs["MyData"] >> m;                                  

            cout << endl
                << "R = " << R << endl;
            cout << "T = " << T << endl << endl;
            cout << "MyData = " << endl << m << endl << endl;

            //Show default behavior for non existing nodes
            cout << "Attempt to read NonExisting (should initialize the data structure with its default).";
            fs["NonExisting"] >> m;
            cout << endl << "NonExisting = " << endl << m << endl;
        }

        cout << endl
            << "Tip: Open up " << filename << " with a text editor to see the serialized data." << endl;
return 0;
}

PS:本人是用Qtcreator创建的程序。