namespace的使用介绍

namespace作用是避免程序中的命名冲突，传统的C++程序是只有一个namespace，现在程序越来越复杂，为了防止程序员在合并不同程序时出现函数、类、结构体等命名的重复，所以用到命名空间。

下面主要 使用一个案例介绍其使用：

首先一个namespace在一个头文件Name.h中，代码如下：

#pragma once
#include<math.h>
#include<iostream>
struct point3D
{
	float x;
	float y;
	float z;
};

struct point2D
{
	float x;
	float y;
};

namespace Name
{

	class point
	{
	public:
		float distance(point3D p, point3D q);
		float distance(point2D p, point2D q);
		void showInfo(point3D p);
		void showInfo(point2D p);
	};

	class plane
	{
	public:
		void showInfo(point3D p, point3D q, point3D r);
	};


}

在Name.cpp中具体函数实现代码：

#include"Name.h"

float Name::point::distance(point3D p, point3D q)
{
	float dx = p.x - q.x;
	float dy = p.y - q.y;
	float dz = p.z - q.z;
	return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz);
}

float Name::point::distance(point2D p, point2D q)
{
	float dx = p.x - q.x;
	float dy = p.y - q.y;
	return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);
}

void Name::point::showInfo(point2D p)
{
	std::cout << p.x << "\t" << p.y << std::endl;
}

void Name::point::showInfo(point3D p)
{
	std::cout << p.x << "\t" << p.y << "\t" << p.z << std::endl;
}

void Name::plane::showInfo(point3D p, point3D q, point3D r)
{
	std::cout << "第一个点：" << p.x << "\t" << p.y << "\t" << p.z << std::endl;
	std::cout << "第二个点：" << q.x << "\t" << q.y << "\t" << q.z << std::endl;
	std::cout << "第三个点：" << r.x << "\t" << r.y << "\t" << r.z << std::endl;

}

在测试文件中，给出如下两种测试代码，均可以进行测试：

#include"Name.h"
using namespace Name;
void main()
{

	point3D P;
	point3D Q;
	point3D R;
	P.x = 0; P.y = 0; P.z = 0;
	Q.x = 1; Q.y = 1; Q.z = 1;
	R.x = 2; R.y = 2; R.z = 2;

	point example;
	float dis = example.distance(P, Q);
	std::cout << "两点间间距：" << dis << std::endl;
	example.showInfo(P);
	example.showInfo(Q);

	plane example_plane;
	example_plane.showInfo(P, Q, R);

	system("pause");


}

以及下面的代码：

#include"Name.h"

void main()
{
	
	point3D P;
	point3D Q;
	point3D R;
	P.x = 0; P.y = 0; P.z = 0;
	Q.x = 1; Q.y = 1; Q.z = 1;
	R.x = 2; R.y = 2; R.z = 2;
	using Name::point;
	point example;
	float dis = example.distance(P, Q);
	std::cout << "两点间间距：" << dis << std::endl;
	example.showInfo(P);
	example.showInfo(Q);

	using Name::plane;
	plane plane_example;
	plane_example.showInfo(P, Q, R);


	system("pause");


}

最后的显示结果如下：