Unity消息事件系统的学习记录

消息事件系统由事件注册方注册事件，事件响应方响应事件，避免了脚本间频繁相互引用造成的耦合，下面是我实习期间练手用的例子，也是参考了大神们的代码，还要多看多学才是。

首先是事件管理器，内部提供事件的注册，移除方法和响应方法。

public class EventManager
{
    #region 单例
    private static EventManager instance = null;
    public static EventManager Instance
    {
        get
        {
            if (instance == null)
            {
                instance = new EventManager();
            }

            return instance;
        }
    }
    private EventManager() { }
    #endregion

    public delegate void EventDelegate<T>(T e) where T : GameEvent;
    private Dictionary<Type, Delegate> delegates = new Dictionary<Type, Delegate>();

    /// <summary>
    /// 添加事件响应
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    /// <param name="del"></param>
    public void AddListener<T>(EventDelegate<T> del) where T : GameEvent
    {
        if (delegates.ContainsKey(typeof(T)))
        {
            Delegate tempDel = delegates[typeof(T)];

            delegates[typeof(T)] = System.Delegate.Combine(tempDel, del);
        }
        else
        {
            delegates[typeof(T)] = del;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 移除事件
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    /// <param name="del"></param>
    public void RemoveListener<T>(EventDelegate<T> del) where T : GameEvent
    {
        if (delegates.ContainsKey(typeof(T)))
        {
            var currentDel = System.Delegate.Remove(delegates[typeof(T)], del);

            if (currentDel == null)
            {
                delegates.Remove(typeof(T));
            }
            else
            {
                delegates[typeof(T)] = currentDel;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 激活事件
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">事件类型</typeparam>
    /// <param name="e">事件</param>
    public void Raise<T>(T e) where T : GameEvent
    {
        if (e == null)
        {
            Debug.Log("Invalid event argument: " + e.GetType().ToString());
            return;
        }

        foreach (EventDelegate<T> del in delegates[e.GetType()].GetInvocationList())
        {
            del.Invoke(e);
        }
    }
}

另外定义自己的事件类如下，这里我以一个生产小兵的事件为例（需要参数的可在类内部定义）

public class GameEvent
{

}

public class CreatSoldierEvent : GameEvent
{

}
public class AddCoinEvent : GameEvent
{
    public  int number;
    public AddCoinEvent(int n)
    {
        number = n;
    }
}

public class GameOverEvent : GameEvent
{
    
}

使用时，以资源管理类为例，资源管理器注册对生产小兵的事件监听，一旦其他方法触发生产小兵则调用AddSoldier()方法去增加资源管理器内对小兵数量的记录。

public class Resource : MonoBehaviour
{
    #region 单例
    public static Resource instance;
    #endregion
    public int soldierNum;
    public int coinNum;
    public int population;

    private void Awake()
    {
        instance = this;
        soldierNum = 0;
        coinNum = 0;
        population = 0;
    }
    void OnEnable()
    {
        EventManager.Instance.AddListener<CreatSoldierEvent>(AddSoldier);//注册事件
    }

    private void AddSoldier(CreatSoldierEvent e)
    {
        soldierNum++;
    }

    public void AddCoin(int n)
    {
        coinNum += n;
    }

    public void UseCoin(int n)
    {
        coinNum -= n;
    }

    void OnDisable()
    {
        EventManager.Instance.RemoveListener<CreatSoldierEvent>(soldierDead);//移除事件
    }

    private void soldierDead(CreatSoldierEvent e)
    {
        soldierNum--;
    }

}

在我的兵营脚本中触发生产小兵事件。

public void CreateSoldier()
{
    if (Resource.instance.soldierNum < Resource.instance.population)
    {
            Debug.Log("CreatSoldier");
            Resource.instance.UseCoin(5);
            pos.z += 2;
            if (flag % 2 == 0)
            {
                soldier.transform.position = pos;
                GameObject tempSoldier = (GameObject)Instantiate(soldier);
            }
            else
            {
                acherSoldier.transform.position = pos;
                GameObject cloneAcherSoldier = Instantiate(acherSoldier);
            }
            pos.z -= 2;
            flag++;
            EventManager.Instance.Raise(new CreatSoldierEvent());//触发事件
    }
}

以上便是一个简单的消息事件系统的流程，第一次写这种记录，能给看到的人提供灵感是最好啦

参考网站：http://www.willrmiller.com/?p=87