4 Deep learning Convolutional Neural Networks

WEEK 1

The basics of ConvNets

1.What do you think applying this filter to a grayscale image will do?
Detect vertical edges

2.Suppose your input is a 300 by 300 color (RGB) image, and you are not using a convolutional network. If the first hidden layer has 100 neurons, each one fully connected to the input, how many parameters does this hidden layer have (including the bias parameters)?
27,000,100

3.Suppose your input is a 300 by 300 color (RGB) image, and you use a convolutional layer with 100 filters that are each 5x5. How many parameters does this hidden layer have (including the bias parameters)?
7600

4.You have an input volume that is 63x63x16, and convolve it with 32 filters that are each 7x7, using a stride of 2 and no padding. What is the output volume?
29x29x32

5.You have an input volume that is 15x15x8, and pad it using “pad=2.” What is the dimension of the resulting volume (after padding)?
19x19x8

6.You have an input volume that is 63x63x16, and convolve it with 32 filters that are each 7x7, and stride of 1. You want to use a “same” convolution. What is the padding?
3

7.You have an input volume that is 32x32x16, and apply max pooling with a stride of 2 and a filter size of 2. What is the output volume?
16x16x16

8.Because pooling layers do not have parameters, they do not affect the backpropagation (derivatives) calculation.
False

9.In lecture we talked about “parameter sharing” as a benefit of using convolutional networks. Which of the following statements about parameter sharing in ConvNets are true? (Check all that apply.)
It reduces the total number of parameters, thus reducing overfitting.
It allows a feature detector to be used in multiple locations throughout the whole input image/input volume.

10.In lecture we talked about “sparsity of connections” as a benefit of using convolutional layers. What does this mean?
Each activation

WEEK 2

Deep convolutional models

1.Which of the following do you typically see as you move to deeper layers in a ConvNet?
$n_H$ and $n_W$ decrease, while $n_C$ increases

2.Which of the following do you typically see in a ConvNet? (Check all that apply.)
Multiple CONV layers followed by a POOL layer
FC layers in the last few layers

3.In order to be able to build very deep networks, we usually only use pooling layers to downsize the height/width of the activation volumes while convolutions are used with “valid” padding. Otherwise, we would downsize the input of the model too quickly.
False

4.Training a deeper network (for example, adding additional layers to the network) allows the network to fit more complex functions and thus almost always results in lower training error. For this question, assume we’re referring to “plain” networks.
False

5.The following equation captures the computation in a ResNet block. What goes into the two blanks above?
$a^{[l]}$ and 0

6.Which ones of the following statements on Residual Networks are true? (Check all that apply.)
Using a skip-connection helps the gradient to backpropagate and thus helps you to train deeper networks
The skip-connection makes it easy for the network to learn an identity mapping between the input and the output within the ResNet block.

7.Suppose you have an input volume of dimension 64x64x16. How many parameters would a single 1x1 convolutional filter have (including the bias)?
17

8.Suppose you have an input volume of dimension $n_H\times n_W\times n_C$. Which of the following statements you agree with? (Assume that “1x1 convolutional layer” below always uses a stride of 1 and no padding.)
You can use a 1x1 convolutional layer to reduce n_C but not n_H, n_W.
You can use a pooling layer to reduce n_H , n_W, but not n_C.

9.Which ones of the following statements on Inception Networks are true? (Check all that apply.)
A signle X
incorporates X

A single inception block allows the network to use a combination of 1x1, 3x3, 5x5 convolutions and pooling.
Inception networks incorporates a variety of network architectures (similar to dropout, which randomly chooses a network architecture on each step) and thus has a similar regularizing effect as dropout.

Inception networks incorporates a variety of network architectures (similar to dropout, which randomly chooses a network architecture on each step) and thus has a similar regularizing effect as dropout.
Inception 1x1 3x3 and 5x5 X

Making an inception network deeper (by stacking more inception blocks together) should not hurt training set performance.
Inception networks incorporates a variety of network architectures (similar to dropout, which randomly chooses a network architecture on each step) and thus has a similar regularizing effect as dropout. X

Making an inception network deeper (by stacking more inception blocks together) should not hurt training set performance.
Inception 1x1 3x3 and 5x5 X

A single inception block allows the network to use a combination of 1x1, 3x3, 5x5 convolutions and pooling.
Making an inception network deeper (by stacking more inception blocks together) should not hurt training set performance. X

三个选项

10.Which of the following are common reasons for using open-source implementations of ConvNets (both the model and/or weights)? Check all that apply.
Parameters trained for one computer vision task are often useful as pretraining for other computer vision tasks.
It is a convenient way to get working an implementation of a complex ConvNet architecture.

WEEK 3

Detection algorithms

1.You are building a 3-class object classification and localization algorithm.
y=[1,0.3,0.7,0.3,0.3,0,1,0]

2.Continuing from the previous problem, what should y be for the image below? Remember that “?” means “don’t care”, which means that the neural network loss function won’t care what the neural network gives for that component of the output.
y=[0,?]

3.You are working on a factory automation task. Your system will see a can of soft-drink coming down a conveyor belt, and you want it to take a picture and decide whether (i) there is a soft-drink can in the image, and if so (ii) its bounding box. Since the soft-drink can is round, the bounding box is always square, and the soft drink can always appears as the same size in the image. There is at most one soft drink can in each image. Here’re some typical images in your training set:
Logistic unit, bx and by

4.If you build a neural network that inputs a picture of a person’s face and outputs N landmarks on the face (assume the input image always contains exactly one face), how many output units will the network have?
2N

5.When training one of the object detection systems described in lecture, you need a training set that contains many pictures of the object(s) you wish to detect. However, bounding boxes do not need to be provided in the training set, since the algorithm can learn to detect the objects by itself.
False

6.Suppose you are applying a sliding windows classifier (non-convolutional implementation). Increasing the stride would tend to increase accuracy, but decrease computational cost.
False

7.In the YOLO algorithm, at training time, only one cell —the one containing the center/midpoint of an object— is responsible for detecting this object.
True

8.What is the IoU between these two boxes? The upper-left box is 2x2, and the lower-right box is 2x3. The overlapping region is 1x1.
1/9

9.Suppose you run non-max suppression on the predicted boxes above. The parameters you use for non-max suppression are that boxes with probability ≤ 0.4 are discarded, and the IoU threshold for deciding if two boxes overlap is 0.5. How many boxes will remain after non-max suppression?
5

10.Suppose you are using YOLO on a 19x19 grid, on a detection problem with 20 classes, and with 5 anchor boxes. During training, for each image you will need to construct an output volume y as the target value for the neural network; this corresponds to the last layer of the neural network. (y may include some “?”, or “don’t cares”). What is the dimension of this output volume?
19x19x5x25

WEEK 4

Special applications: Face recognition & Neural style transfer

1.Face verification requires comparing a new picture against one person’s face, whereas face recognition requires comparing a new picture against K person’s faces.
True

2.Why do we learn a function $d(img1,img2)$ for face verification? (Select all that apply.)
We need to solve a one-shot learning problem.
This allows us to learn to recognize a new person given just a single image of that person.

3.In order to train the parameters of a face recognition system, it would be reasonable to use a training set comprising 100,000 pictures of 100,000 different persons.
False

4.Which of the following is a correct definition of the triplet loss? Consider that $\alpha >0$. (We encourage you to figure out the answer from first principles, rather than just refer to the lecture.)
AP-AN+x,0

5.Consider the following Siamese network architecture:
True

6.You train a ConvNet on a dataset with 100 different classes. You wonder if you can find a hidden unit which responds strongly to pictures of cats. (I.e., a neuron so that, of all the input/training images that strongly activate that neuron, the majority are cat pictures.) You are more likely to find this unit in layer 4 of the network than in layer 1.
True

7.Neural style transfer is trained as a supervised learning task in which the goal is to input two images (x), and train a network to output a new, synthesized image (y).
False

8.In the deeper layers of a ConvNet, each channel corresponds to a different feature detector. The style matrix $G^{[l]}$ measures the degree to which the activations of different feature detectors in layer ll vary (or correlate) together with each other.
True

9.In neural style transfer, what is updated in each iteration of the optimization algorithm?
G

10.You are working with 3D data. You are building a network layer whose input volume has size 32x32x32x16 (this volume has 16 channels), and applies convolutions with 32 filters of dimension 3x3x3 (no padding, stride 1). What is the resulting output volume?
30x30x30x32