yuv420文件通过C语言分别读取出Y,U,V

YUV总共有三种格式:YUV444,YUV422,YUV420
YUV 4:4:4,每一个 Y 分量对于一对 UV 分量,每像素占用 (Y + U + V = 8 + 8 + 8 = 24bits)3 字节;各采样分量在扫面每个像素点时,都不会降低采样率
YUV 4:2:2,每两个 Y 分量共用一对 UV 分量,每像素占用 (Y + 0.5U + 0.5V = 8 + 4 + 4 = 16bits)2 字节;水平方向Y分量与UV分量2:1采样,垂直方向不降低采样率。
YUV 4:2:0,每四个 Y 分量共用一对 UV 分量,每像素占用 (Y + 0.25U + 0.25V = 8 + 2 + 2 = 12bits)1.5 字节。水平和垂直方向上Y分量和UV分量对的采样比都是2:1。

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

void readYUV(const char* path, int width, int height)
{
  FILE* f = fopen(path, "rb+");
  FILE* f1 = fopen("yuv420y.y", "wb+");
  FILE* f2 = fopen("yuv420y.u", "wb+");
  FILE* f3 = fopen("yuv420y.v", "wb+");

/*yuv420就是每4个y共享一组uv,也就是说每个像素点都有一个y与之对应,每4个像素点共用同一组uv,
这样Y的大小为width*height,而uv两个分量的个数总共为1/2的Y为width*height*1/2,相加就是总的字节数,
了解了这个就可以很容易计算出图像的yuv420的大小为 size(yuv420)=width*height*3/2,就是宽高大小的1.5倍
yuv444的大小为size(yuv444)=width*height*3;
yuv422的大小为size(yuv422)=width*height*2;
*/
  char* data = (char*)malloc(width*height * 3 / 2);

  fread(data, 1, width*height * 3 / 2, f);//图像总的字节大小
  fwrite(data, 1, width*height, f1);//每个像素点都有一个y,所以y的大小为w*h
  fwrite(data+width*height, 1, width*height/4, f2);
  fwrite(data+width*height*5/4, 1, width*height/4, f3);
  free(data);
  data = nullptr;
  fclose(f);
  fclose(f1);
  fclose(f2);
  fclose(f3);
}


void main()
{
  readYUV("test.yuv", 720, 480);
}
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将JPEG格式的图片转换为YUV420SP格式,可以使用libjpeg库来读取JPEG图片,然后使用以下代码将RGB格式的图片转换为YUV420SP格式: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <jpeglib.h> // Convert RGB to YUV420SP void rgb2yuv(unsigned char *rgb, unsigned char *yuv, int width, int height) { int frameSize = width * height; int yIndex = 0; int uvIndex = frameSize; int r, g, b, y, u, v; for (int j = 0; j < height; j++) { for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) { r = rgb[j * width * 3 + i * 3]; g = rgb[j * width * 3 + i * 3 + 1]; b = rgb[j * width * 3 + i * 3 + 2]; y = ((66 * r + 129 * g + 25 * b + 128) >> 8) + 16; u = ((-38 * r - 74 * g + 112 * b + 128) >> 8) + 128; v = ((112 * r - 94 * g - 18 * b + 128) >> 8) + 128; y = (y < 16) ? 16 : ((y > 255) ? 255 : y); u = (u < 0) ? 0 : ((u > 255) ? 255 : u); v = (v < 0) ? 0 : ((v > 255) ? 255 : v); yuv[yIndex++] = (unsigned char)y; if (j % 2 == 0 && i % 2 == 0) { yuv[uvIndex++] = (unsigned char)u; yuv[uvIndex++] = (unsigned char)v; } } } } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (argc != 3) { printf("Usage: %s input.jpg output.yuv\n", argv[0]); return 0; } char *input_file = argv[1]; char *output_file = argv[2]; // Read JPEG image FILE *file = fopen(input_file, "rb"); if (!file) { printf("Error: Unable to open input file %s\n", input_file); return 0; } struct jpeg_decompress_struct cinfo; struct jpeg_error_mgr jerr; cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr); jpeg_create_decompress(&cinfo); jpeg_stdio_src(&cinfo, file); jpeg_read_header(&cinfo, TRUE); jpeg_start_decompress(&cinfo); int width = cinfo.output_width; int height = cinfo.output_height; int numChannels = cinfo.output_components; int row_stride = width * numChannels; unsigned char *rgb = (unsigned char *)malloc(width * height * numChannels); unsigned char *yuv = (unsigned char *)malloc(width * height * 3 / 2); JSAMPARRAY buffer = (*cinfo.mem->alloc_sarray)((j_common_ptr)&cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE, row_stride, 1); int row = 0; while (cinfo.output_scanline < cinfo.output_height) { jpeg_read_scanlines(&cinfo, buffer, 1); for (int i = 0; i < row_stride; i += numChannels) { rgb[row * row_stride + i] = buffer[0][i]; rgb[row * row_stride + i + 1] = buffer[0][i + 1]; rgb[row * row_stride + i + 2] = buffer[0][i + 2]; } row++; } jpeg_finish_decompress(&cinfo); jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo); fclose(file); // Convert RGB to YUV420SP rgb2yuv(rgb, yuv, width, height); // Write YUV420SP image file = fopen(output_file, "wb"); if (!file) { printf("Error: Unable to open output file %s\n", output_file); return 0; } fwrite(yuv, 1, width * height * 3 / 2, file); fclose(file); free(rgb); free(yuv); return 0; } ``` 在程序中,首先使用libjpeg库读取JPEG图片,然后将RGB格式的图片转换为YUV420SP格式,最后将YUV420SP格式的图片写入文件。注意,在YUV420SP格式中,Y分量占据前width * height个字节,U和V分量共占据(width * height) / 2个字节。

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