参考文章：
《3_领航者ZYNQ之嵌入式Linux开发指南_V2.2》---第50章LCD驱动实验
1、平台搭建
可以参考ZYNQ --- Linux成长之路 --- UIO引脚中断_GG_ber的博客-CSDN博客
的内容，LCD的引脚电路和正点原子的底板有些许的不同。
2、PL端设计
PL端的整体设计。在正点原子文档中P1179描述到:
它说LCD的像素时钟在《2_领航者ZYNQ之嵌入式SDK开发指南_V2.0》第十八章中所使用的IP核是AXI dynclk，而该章节中使用的是Clocking Wizard（推荐改为该IP核），说的是没啥区别。最终的PL端设计如下：
以下是各个IP核的参数设计
Clocking Wizard
Video Timing
AXI4-Stream to Video Out
rgb2lcd_V1_0
正点原子自己写的IP核，需要额外添加
AXI_GPIO
用来读LCD的ID号的
AXI Video Direct Memory Access
XDC文件内容
#----------------------LCD接口---------------------------
#--------- B 0-7 ---------
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN E19 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[0]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN E18 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[1]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN F17 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[2]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN F16 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[3]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN K16 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[4]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN L15 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[5]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN L14 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[6]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN N16 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[7]}]
#--------- G 0-7 ---------
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN M20 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[8]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN M19 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[9]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN L19 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[10]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN L20 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[11]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN M18 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[12]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN M17 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[13]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN G18 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[14]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN G17 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[15]}]
#--------- R 0-7 ---------
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN J20 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[16]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN H20 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[17]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN K19 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[18]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN J19 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[19]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN G19 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[20]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN G20 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[21]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN J18 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[22]}]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN H18 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports {lcd_rgb_0_tri_io[23]}]
#--------- LCD ---------
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN F19 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports lcd_0_hs]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN D20 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports lcd_0_vs]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN D19 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports lcd_0_de]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN C20 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports lcd_bl_0]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN H16 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports lcd_0_clk]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN B19 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports lcd_rst_0]3、Linux系统搭建
U-Boot: alientek-uboot-2018.01-xlnx-v2018.3
Kernel: alientek-linux-4.14.0-xlnx-v2018.3
这些都是正点原子论坛上面开源找的到的。
Linux系统的构建我主要使用Petalinux工具，和正点原子教程中方法不太一样。
通过Petalinux导入第2章编译好了的hdf硬件信息，在编译好了的Petalinux工程中(./components/plnx_workspace/device-tree/device-tree)可以找到pl.dtsi文件，该文件是对PL端硬件的设备树描述，主要有4个节点：axi_gpio_0、axi_vdma_0、clk_wiz_0、v_tc_0。如下：
在system-user.dtis（路径./project-spec/meta-user/recipes-bsp/device-tree/files）中添加设备树信息：
#define GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH 0
#define GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW 1
/include/ "system-conf.dtsi"
/ {
};
&v_tc_0 {
compatible = "xlnx,v-tc-5.01.a";
};
&amba_pl {
xlnx_vdma_lcd {
compatible = "xilinx,vdmafb";
vtc = <&v_tc_0>;
clocks = <&clk_wiz_0 0>;
clock-names = "lcd_pclk";
dmas = <&axi_vdma_0 0>;
dma-names = "axi_vdma_0";
lcdID-gpio = <&axi_gpio_0 0 0 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW &axi_gpio_0 1 0 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW &axi_gpio_0 2 0 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
pixel-format = "RGB888";
display-timings {
timing_4342: timing0 {
clock-frequency = <9000000>;
hactive = <480>;
vactive = <272>;
hback-porch = <40>;
hfront-porch = <5>;
hsync-len = <1>;
vback-porch = <8>;
vfront-porch = <8>;
vsync-len = <1>;
hsync-active = <0>;
vsync-active = <0>;
de-active = <1>;
pixelclk-active = <0>;
};
timing_4384: timing1 {
clock-frequency = <31000000>;
hactive = <800>;
vactive = <480>;
hback-porch = <88>;
hfront-porch = <40>;
hsync-len = <48>;
vback-porch = <32>;
vfront-porch = <13>;
vsync-len = <3>;
hsync-active = <0>;
vsync-active = <0>;
de-active = <1>;
pixelclk-active = <0>;
};
timing_7084: timing2 {
clock-frequency = <33300000>;
hactive = <800>;
vactive = <480>;
hback-porch = <46>;
hfront-porch = <210>;
hsync-len = <1>;
vback-porch = <23>;
vfront-porch = <22>;
vsync-len = <1>;
hsync-active = <0>;
vsync-active = <0>;
de-active = <1>;
pixelclk-active = <0>;
};
timing_7016: timing3 {
clock-frequency = <51200000>;
hactive = <1024>;
vactive = <600>;
hback-porch = <140>;
hfront-porch = <160>;
hsync-len = <20>;
vback-porch = <20>;
vfront-porch = <12>;
vsync-len = <3>;
hsync-active = <0>;
vsync-active = <0>;
de-active = <1>;
pixelclk-active = <0>;
};
timing_1018: timing4 {
clock-frequency = <71100000>;
hactive = <1280>;
vactive = <800>;
hback-porch = <80>;
hfront-porch = <70>;
hsync-len = <10>;
vback-porch = <10>;
vfront-porch = <10>;
vsync-len = <3>;
hsync-active = <0>;
vsync-active = <0>;
de-active = <1>;
pixelclk-active = <0>;
};
};
};
};设备树中修改了v_tc_0节点的compatible属性为"xlnx,v-tc-5.01.a"，而原来系统自动生成的为“xlnx,v-tc-6.1”。这里修改是因为正点原子kernel中的lcd驱动文件（xilinx_vdmafc.c）所在目录下的vtc驱动文件（xilinx_vtc.c）中的of_match信息为"xlnx,v-tc-5.01.a"，因此需要设备树与之对应。文件路径如下：
还有就是xlnx_vdma_lcd节点信息和正点原子的有所不同，修改了根节点引用的名字，去掉了pwms和reset-gpio的描述。对应的LCD驱动文件（xilinx_vdmafc.c）也要修改，如下：
1、删除了pwms和reset-gpio相关的代码
2、修改了驱动中的根节点名字
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>
#include <linux/dma/xilinx_dma.h>
#include <linux/of_dma.h>
#include <video/videomode.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <video/of_videomode.h>
#include <linux/pwm.h>
#include "xilinx_vtc.h"
/* 正点原子LCD屏硬件ID */
#define ATK4342 0 // 4.3寸480*272
#define ATK4384 4 // 4.3寸800*480
#define ATK7084 1 // 7寸800*480
#define ATK7016 2 // 7寸1024*600
#define ATK1018 5 // 10寸1280*800
/* 自定义结构体用于描述我们的LCD设备 */
struct xilinx_vdmafb_dev {
struct fb_info *info; // FrameBuffer设备信息
struct platform_device *pdev; // platform平台设备
struct clk *pclk; // LCD像素时钟
struct xilinx_vtc *vtc; // 时序控制器
struct dma_chan *vdma; // VDMA通道
int bl_gpio; // LCD背光引脚
};
static int vdmafb_setcolreg(unsigned regno, unsigned red,
unsigned green, unsigned blue,
unsigned transp, struct fb_info *fb_info)
{
u32 tmp;
if (regno >= 16)
return 1;
red >>= 8; green >>= 8; blue >>= 8;
tmp = (red << 16) | (green << 8) | blue;
((u32*)(fb_info->pseudo_palette))[regno] = tmp;
return 0;
}
static int vdmafb_check_var(struct fb_var_screeninfo *var,
struct fb_info *fb_info)
{
struct fb_var_screeninfo *fb_var = &fb_info->var;
memcpy(var, fb_var, sizeof(struct fb_var_screeninfo));
return 0;
}
/* Frame Buffer操作函数集 */
static struct fb_ops vdmafb_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.fb_setcolreg = vdmafb_setcolreg,
.fb_check_var = vdmafb_check_var,
.fb_fillrect = cfb_fillrect,
.fb_copyarea = cfb_copyarea,
.fb_imageblit = cfb_imageblit,
};
static int vdmafb_init_fbinfo_dt(struct xilinx_vdmafb_dev *fbdev,
struct videomode *vmode)
{
struct device *dev = &fbdev->pdev->dev;
int display_timing;
int gpios[3];
int lcd_id = 0;
int ret;
int i;
/* 读取LCD屏ID */
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
gpios[i] = of_get_named_gpio(dev->of_node, "lcdID-gpio", i);
if (!gpio_is_valid(gpios[i])) {
dev_err(dev, "Failed to get lcd id gpio\n");
lcd_id = ATK4384; // 设置为默认LCD屏 7寸800x480
break;
}
ret = devm_gpio_request_one(dev, gpios[i], GPIOF_IN, "lcd hardware ID");
if (ret < 0) {
dev_err(dev, "Failed to request lcd id gpio\n");
lcd_id = ATK4384; // 设置为默认LCD屏 7寸800x480
break;
}
lcd_id |= (gpio_get_value_cansleep(gpios[i]) << i); // 读取GPIO数值
}
dev_info(dev, "LCD ID: %d \n", lcd_id); // 打印ID值
/* 再将ID引脚设置为输出模式 */
msleep(5); // 延时5ms
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
gpio_direction_output(gpios[i], 0);
/* 根据LCD ID匹配对应的时序参数 */
switch (lcd_id) {
case ATK4342: display_timing = 0; break;
case ATK4384: display_timing = 1; break;
case ATK7084: display_timing = 2; break;
case ATK7016: display_timing = 3; break;
case ATK1018: display_timing = 4; break;
default:
display_timing = 2;
dev_info(dev, "LCD ID Match failed, using default configuration\n");
break;
}
ret = of_get_videomode(dev->of_node, vmode, display_timing);
if (ret < 0) {
dev_err(dev, "Failed to get videomode from DT\n");
return ret;
}
return 0;
}
static int vdmafb_init_fbinfo(struct xilinx_vdmafb_dev *fbdev,
struct videomode *vmode)
{
struct device *dev = &fbdev->pdev->dev;
struct fb_info *fb_info = fbdev->info;
struct fb_videomode mode = {0};
dma_addr_t fb_phys; // 显存物理地址
void *fb_virt; // 显存虚拟地址
unsigned fb_size; // 显存大小
int ret;
/* 解析设备树获取LCD时序参数 */
ret = vdmafb_init_fbinfo_dt(fbdev, vmode);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
/* 申请LCD显存 */
fb_size = vmode->hactive * vmode->vactive * 3;
fb_virt = dma_alloc_wc(dev, PAGE_ALIGN(fb_size), &fb_phys, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!fb_virt)
return -ENOMEM;
memset(fb_virt, 0, fb_size); // 显存清零
/* 初始化fb_info */
fb_info->fbops = &vdmafb_ops;
fb_info->flags = FBINFO_FLAG_DEFAULT;
fb_info->screen_base = fb_virt;
fb_info->screen_size = fb_size;
strcpy(fb_info->fix.id, "xlnx");
fb_info->fix.type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS;
fb_info->fix.visual = FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR,
fb_info->fix.accel = FB_ACCEL_NONE;
fb_info->fix.line_length = vmode->hactive * 3;
fb_info->fix.smem_start = fb_phys;
fb_info->fix.smem_len = fb_size;
fb_info->var.grayscale = 0; // 彩色
fb_info->var.nonstd = 0; // 标准像素格式
fb_info->var.activate = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW;
fb_info->var.accel_flags = FB_ACCEL_NONE;
fb_info->var.bits_per_pixel = 24; // 像素深度（bit位）
//fb_info->var.width = xxx; LCD屏的物理宽度（单位毫米）
//fb_info->var.height = yyy; LCD屏的物理高度（单位毫米）
fb_info->var.xres = fb_info->var.xres_virtual = vmode->hactive;
fb_info->var.yres = fb_info->var.yres_virtual = vmode->vactive;
fb_info->var.xoffset = fb_info->var.yoffset = 0;
fb_info->var.red.offset = 0;
fb_info->var.red.length = 8;
fb_info->var.green.offset = 8;
fb_info->var.green.length = 8;
fb_info->var.blue.offset = 16;
fb_info->var.blue.length = 8;
fb_info->var.transp.offset = 0;
fb_info->var.transp.length = 0;
fb_videomode_from_videomode(vmode, &mode);
fb_videomode_to_var(&fb_info->var, &mode);
return 0;
}
static int vdmafb_init_vdma(struct xilinx_vdmafb_dev *fbdev)
{
struct device *dev = &fbdev->pdev->dev;
struct fb_info *info = fbdev->info;
struct dma_interleaved_template dma_template = {0};
struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *tx_desc;
struct xilinx_vdma_config vdma_config = {0};
/* 申请VDMA通道 */
fbdev->vdma = of_dma_request_slave_channel(dev->of_node, "axi_vdma_0");
if (IS_ERR(fbdev->vdma)) {
dev_err(dev, "Failed to request vdma channel\n");
return PTR_ERR(fbdev->vdma);
}
/* 终止VDMA通道数据传输 */
dmaengine_terminate_all(fbdev->vdma);
/* 初始化VDMA通道 */
dma_template.dir = DMA_MEM_TO_DEV;
dma_template.numf = info->var.yres;
dma_template.sgl[0].size = info->fix.line_length;
dma_template.frame_size = 1;
dma_template.sgl[0].icg = 0;
dma_template.src_start = info->fix.smem_start; // 物理地址
dma_template.src_sgl = 1;
dma_template.src_inc = 1;
dma_template.dst_inc = 0;
dma_template.dst_sgl = 0;
tx_desc = dmaengine_prep_interleaved_dma(fbdev->vdma, &dma_template,
DMA_CTRL_ACK | DMA_PREP_INTERRUPT);
if (!tx_desc) {
dev_err(dev, "Failed to prepare DMA descriptor\n");
dma_release_channel(fbdev->vdma);
return -1;
}
vdma_config.park = 1;
xilinx_vdma_channel_set_config(fbdev->vdma, &vdma_config);
/* 启动VDMA通道数据传输 */
dmaengine_submit(tx_desc);
dma_async_issue_pending(fbdev->vdma);
return 0;
}
static int vdmafb_init_vtc(struct xilinx_vdmafb_dev *fbdev,
struct videomode *vmode)
{
struct device_node *node;
struct device *dev = &fbdev->pdev->dev;
/* 解析设备树得到vtc节点 */
node = of_parse_phandle(dev->of_node, "vtc", 0);
if (!node) {
dev_err(dev, "Failed to parse VTC phandle 001 \n");
return -ENODEV;
}
/* 获取vtc */
fbdev->vtc = xilinx_vtc_probe(dev, node);
of_node_put(node);
if (IS_ERR(fbdev->vtc)) {
dev_err(dev, "Failed to probe VTC\n");
return PTR_ERR(fbdev->vtc);
}
xilinx_vtc_reset(fbdev->vtc); // 复位vtc
xilinx_vtc_disable(fbdev->vtc); // 禁止vtc
xilinx_vtc_config_sig(fbdev->vtc, vmode); // 配置vtc时序参数
xilinx_vtc_enable(fbdev->vtc); // 使能vtc
return 0;
}
static int vdmafb_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct xilinx_vdmafb_dev *fbdev;
struct fb_info *info;
struct videomode vmode;
int ret;
/* 实例化一个fb_info结构体对象 */
info = framebuffer_alloc(sizeof(struct xilinx_vdmafb_dev), &pdev->dev);
if (!info) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Failed to allocate memory\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
fbdev = info->par;
fbdev->info = info;
fbdev->pdev = pdev;
/* 获取LCD所需的像素时钟 */
fbdev->pclk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "lcd_pclk");
if (IS_ERR(fbdev->pclk)) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Failed to get pixel clock\n");
ret = PTR_ERR(fbdev->pclk);
goto out1;
}
clk_disable_unprepare(fbdev->pclk); // 先禁止时钟输出
/* 初始化info变量 */
ret = vdmafb_init_fbinfo(fbdev, &vmode);
if (ret)
goto out1;
ret = fb_alloc_cmap(&info->cmap, 256, 0);
if (ret < 0) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Failed to allocate color map\n");
goto out2;
}
info->pseudo_palette = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(u32) * 16, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!info->pseudo_palette) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out3;
}
/* 设置LCD像素时钟、使能时钟 */
clk_set_rate(fbdev->pclk, PICOS2KHZ(info->var.pixclock) * 1000);
clk_prepare_enable(fbdev->pclk);
msleep(5); // delay
/* 初始化LCD时序控制器vtc */
ret = vdmafb_init_vtc(fbdev, &vmode);
if (ret)
goto out4;
/* 初始化LCD VDMA */
ret = vdmafb_init_vdma(fbdev);
if (ret)
goto out5;
/* 注册FrameBuffer设备 */
ret = register_framebuffer(info);
if (ret < 0) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev,"Failed to register framebuffer device\n");
goto out6;
}
platform_set_drvdata(pdev, fbdev);
return 0;
out7:
unregister_framebuffer(info); // 卸载FrameBuffer设备
out6:
dmaengine_terminate_all(fbdev->vdma); // 终止VDMA通道所有数据传输
dma_release_channel(fbdev->vdma); // 释放VDMA通道
out5:
xilinx_vtc_disable(fbdev->vtc); // 禁止vtc时序控制器
out4:
clk_disable_unprepare(fbdev->pclk); // 禁止时钟输出
out3:
fb_dealloc_cmap(&info->cmap); // 销毁colormap
out2:
dma_free_wc(&pdev->dev, info->screen_size, // 释放DMA内存
info->screen_base, info->fix.smem_start);
out1:
framebuffer_release(info); // 释放fb_info对象
return ret;
}
static int vdmafb_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct xilinx_vdmafb_dev *fbdev = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
struct fb_info *info = fbdev->info;
unregister_framebuffer(info);
dmaengine_terminate_all(fbdev->vdma);
dma_release_channel(fbdev->vdma);
xilinx_vtc_disable(fbdev->vtc);
clk_disable_unprepare(fbdev->pclk);
fb_dealloc_cmap(&info->cmap);
dma_free_wc(&pdev->dev, info->screen_size,
info->screen_base, info->fix.smem_start);
framebuffer_release(info);
return 0;
}
static void vdmafb_shutdown(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct xilinx_vdmafb_dev *fbdev = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
xilinx_vtc_disable(fbdev->vtc);
clk_disable_unprepare(fbdev->pclk);
}
static const struct of_device_id vdmafb_of_match_table[] = {
{ .compatible = "xilinx,vdmafb", },
{ /* end of table */ },
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, vdmafb_of_match_table);
static struct platform_driver xilinx_vdmafb_driver = {
.probe = vdmafb_probe,
.remove = vdmafb_remove,
.shutdown = vdmafb_shutdown,
.driver = {
.name = "xilinx-vdmafb",
.of_match_table = vdmafb_of_match_table,
},
};
module_platform_driver(xilinx_vdmafb_driver);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Framebuffer driver based on Xilinx VDMA IP Core.");
MODULE_AUTHOR("GGber, Inc.");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
由于用的是正点原子的内核，内核默认LCD驱动是开着的，不放心的可以自己确定一下。剩下的就可以参考正点原子的流程来做了，最终我这边实现效果如下：
目前只有显示，还没加触摸屏驱动，下一章节更新~~~
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