Tensorflow3 非线性回归以及分类的简单使用（识别手写数字）

1.MNIST数据集

MNIST数据集官网：Yann LeCun’s website
下载下来的数据集被分为两部分：60000行的训练数据集（mnist.train）和10000行的测试数据集（mnist.test）




单个样本：

2.Softmax函数简单介绍

3.MNIST数据集分类

3.1简单版本

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

# 载入数据
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data', one_hot=True)

# 批次的大小
batch_size = 128
n_batch = mnist.train.num_examples // batch_size

x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None,784])
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10])

# 创建一个简单的神经网络
W = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784,10]))
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([1, 10]))
prediction = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(x,W) + b)

# 代价函数
loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(y-prediction))

# 梯度下降法
train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.2).minimize(loss)

# 初始化变量
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()

# 得到一个布尔型列表，存放结果是否正确
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y,1), tf.argmax(prediction,1)) #argmax 返回一维张量中最大值索引

# 求准确率
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction,tf.float32)) # 把布尔值转换为浮点型求平均数

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init)
    for epoch in range(21):
        for batch in range(n_batch):
            # 获得批次数据
            batch_xs, batch_ys = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
            sess.run(train_step, feed_dict={x:batch_xs, y:batch_ys})
        acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x:mnist.test.images,y:mnist.test.labels})
        print("Iter " + str(epoch) + " Testing Accuracy: " + str(acc))

3.2优化版本

三层网络，添加激活层、drop层，使用交叉熵计算loss

# 批次的大小
batch_size = 128
n_batch = mnist.train.num_examples // batch_size

x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None,784])
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10])
keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)

# 创建神经网络
W1 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([784,2000],stddev=0.1))
b1 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([1, 2000]))
# 激活层
layer1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(x,W1) + b1)
# drop层
layer1 = tf.nn.dropout(layer1,keep_prob=keep_prob)

# 第二层
W2 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([2000,500],stddev=0.1))
b2 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([1, 500]))
layer2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(layer1,W2) + b2)
layer2 = tf.nn.dropout(layer2,keep_prob=keep_prob)

# 第三层
W3 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([500,10],stddev=0.1))
b3 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([1,10]))
prediction = tf.nn.sigmoid(tf.matmul(layer2,W3) + b3)

loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y, logits=prediction))

# 梯度下降法
train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.2).minimize(loss)

# 初始化变量
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()

# 计算准确率
prediction_2 = tf.nn.softmax(prediction)
# 得到一个布尔型列表，存放结果是否正确
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y,1), tf.argmax(prediction_2,1)) #argmax 返回一维张量中最大值索引

# 求准确率
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction,tf.float32)) # 把布尔值转换为浮点型求平均数

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init)
    for epoch in range(60):
        for batch in range(n_batch):
            # 获得批次数据
            batch_xs, batch_ys = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
            sess.run(train_step, feed_dict={x:batch_xs, y:batch_ys, keep_prob:0.8})
        acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x:mnist.test.images,y:mnist.test.labels,keep_prob:1.0} )
        print("Iter " + str(epoch) + " Testing Accuracy: " + str(acc))