Elasticsearch增删改查操作深入详解

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-15 02:17:01 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-15 02:17:01 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43679873/article/details/86362628

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引言：

对于刚接触ES的童鞋，经常搞不明白ES的各个概念的含义。尤其对“索引”二字更是与关系型数据库混淆的不行。本文通过对比关系型数据库，将ES中常见的增、删、改、查操作进行图文呈现。能加深你对ES的理解。同时，也列举了kibana下的图形化展示。

ES Restful API GET、POST、PUT、DELETE、HEAD含义：
1）GET：获取请求对象的当前状态。
2）POST：改变对象的当前状态。
3）PUT：创建一个对象。
4）DELETE：销毁对象。
5）HEAD：请求获取对象的基础信息。

Mysql与Elasticsearch核心概念对比示意图
这里写图片描述
以上表为依据，
ES中的新建文档（在Index/type下）相当于Mysql中（在某Database的Table）下插入一行数据。

1、新建文档（类似mysql insert插入操作）

http://localhost:9200/blog/ariticle/1 put{"title":"New version of Elasticsearch released!","content":"Version 1.0 released today!","tags":["announce","elasticsearch","release"]}
  
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创建成功如下显示：

{- "_index": "blog",- "_type": "ariticle",- "_id": "1 -d",- "_version": 1,- "_shards": {    - "total": 2,    - "successful": 1,    - "failed": 0- },- "created": true}
  
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这里写图片描述

2、检索文档（类似mysql search 搜索select*操作）

http://localhost:9200/blog/ariticle/1/ GET

检索结果如下：

{- "_index": "blog",- "_type": "ariticle",- "_id": "1",- "_version": 1,- "found": true,- "_source": {    - "title": "New version of Elasticsearch released!",    - "content": "Version 1.0 released today!",    - "tags": [        - "announce"        - ,        - "elasticsearch"        - ,        - "release"    - ]- }}
  
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如果未找到会提示：

{- "_index": "blog",- "_type": "ariticle",- "_id": "11",- "found": false}
  
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查询全部文档如下：
这里写图片描述
具体某个细节内容检索，
查询举例1：查询cotent列包含版本为1.0的信息。
http://localhost:9200/blog/
_search?pretty&q=content:1.0

{- "took": 2,- "timed_out": false,- "_shards": {    - "total": 5,    - "successful": 5,    - "failed": 0- },- "hits": {    - "total": 1,    - "max_score": 0.8784157,    - "hits": [        - {            - "_index": "blog",            - "_type": "ariticle",            - "_id": "6",            - "_score": 0.8784157,            - "_source": {                - "title": "deep Elasticsearch!",                - "content": "Version 1.0!",                - "tags": [                    - "deep"                    - ,                    - "elasticsearch"                - ]            - }        - }    - ]- }}
  
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查询举例2：查询书名title中包含“enhance”字段的数据信息：
[root@5b9dbaaa1a ~]# curl -XGET 10.200.1.121:9200/blog/ariticle/_search?pretty -d ‘

> { "query" : {> "term" :> {"title" : "enhance" }> }> }'{  "took" : 189,  "timed_out" : false,  "_shards" : {  "total" : 5,  "successful" : 5,  "failed" : 0  },  "hits" : {  "total" : 2,  "max_score" : 0.8784157,  "hits" : [ {  "_index" : "blog",  "_type" : "ariticle",  "_id" : "4",  "_score" : 0.8784157,  "_source" : {  "title" : "enhance Elasticsearch!",  "content" : "Version 4.0!",  "tags" : [ "enhance", "elasticsearch" ]  }  }, {  "_index" : "blog",  "_type" : "ariticle",  "_id" : "5",  "_score" : 0.15342641,  "_source" : {  "title" : "enhance Elasticsearch for university!",  "content" : "Version 5.0!",  "tags" : [ "enhance", "elasticsearch" ]  }  } ]  }}
  
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查询举例3：查询ID值为3,5,7的数据信息：
[root@5b9dbaaa148a ~]# curl -XGET 10.200.1.121:9200/blog/ariticle/_search?pretty -d ‘

{ "query" : {"terms" :{"_id" : [ "3", "5", "7" ] }}}'{  "took" : 5,  "timed_out" : false,  "_shards" : {  "total" : 5,  "successful" : 5,  "failed" : 0  },  "hits" : {  "total" : 3,  "max_score" : 0.19245009,  "hits" : [ {  "_index" : "blog",  "_type" : "ariticle",  "_id" : "5",  "_score" : 0.19245009,  "_source" : {  "title" : "enhance Elasticsearch for university!",  "content" : "Version 5.0!",  "tags" : [ "enhance", "elasticsearch" ]  }  }, {  "_index" : "blog",  "_type" : "ariticle",  "_id" : "7",  "_score" : 0.19245009,  "_source" : {  "title" : "deep Elasticsearch for university!",  "content" : "Version 2.0!",  "tags" : [ "deep", "elasticsearch", "university" ]  }  }, {  "_index" : "blog",  "_type" : "ariticle",  "_id" : "3",  "_score" : 0.19245009,  "_source" : {  "title" : "init Elasticsearch for university!",  "content" : "Version 3.0!",  "tags" : [ "initialize", "elasticsearch" ]  }  } ]  }}
  
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3、更新文档（类似mysql update操作）

http://localhost:9200/blog/ariticle/1/_update/ POST
{“script”:”ctx._source.content = \”new version 2.0 20160714\”“}

更新后结果显示：
{

“_index”: “blog”,
“_type”: “ariticle”,
“_id”: “1”,
“_version”: 2,
“_shards”: {
- ”total”: 2,
- “successful”: 1,
- “failed”: 0
}

}

查询&验证更新后结果：（对比可知，版本号已经更新完毕）
http://localhost:9200/blog/ariticle/1/

{- "_index": "blog",- "_type": "ariticle",- "_id": "1",- "_version": 2,- "found": true,- "_source": {    - "title": "New version of Elasticsearch released!",    - "content": "new version 2.0 20160714",    - "tags": [        - "announce"        - ,        - "elasticsearch"        - ,        - "release"    - ]- }}`![这里写图片描述](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160717132407353)``注意更新文档需要在elasticsearch_win\config\elasticsearch.yml下新增以下内容：
  
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script.groovy.sandbox.enabled: true
script.engine.groovy.inline.search: on
script.engine.groovy.inline.update: on
script.inline: on
script.indexed: on
script.engine.groovy.inline.aggs: on
index.mapper.dynamic: true

4、删除文档（类似mysql delete操作）

http://localhost:9200/blog/ariticle/8/回结果

{- "found": true,- "_index": "blog",- "_type": "ariticle",- "_id": "8",- "_version": 2,- "_shards": {    - "total": 2,    - "successful": 1,    - "failed": 0- }}
  
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