c++和opencv小知识：计算轮廓的矩、面积、周长等

获取图片轮廓的后处理

#include<iostream>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<vector>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	Mat srcImage = imread("contours.jpg",0);
	if (srcImage.empty())
	{
		cout << "没有导入图像" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	imshow("【原图】", srcImage);
	//首先对图像进行空间的转换
	//Mat grayImage;
	//cvtColor(srcImage, grayImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	//对灰度图进行滤波
	//GaussianBlur(grayImage, grayImage, Size(3, 3), 0, 0);
	//imshow("【滤波后的图像】", grayImage);

	//为了得到二值图像，对灰度图进行边缘检测
	Mat cannyImage;
	Canny(srcImage, cannyImage, 128, 255, 3);
	imshow("cannyImage", cannyImage);
	//在得到的二值图像中寻找轮廓
	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
	vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;
	findContours(cannyImage, contours, hierarchy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));
	//绘制轮廓
	for (int i = 0; i < (int)contours.size(); i++)
	{
		drawContours(cannyImage, contours, i, Scalar(150), 1, 8);

	}
	//计算轮廓的矩
	vector<Moments> g_vMoments(contours.size());
	for (int i = 0; i < (int)contours.size(); i++)
	{
		g_vMoments[i] = moments(contours[i], true);
	}
	//输出所有轮廓的矩
	for (int i = 0; i < (int)contours.size(); i++)
	{
		cout << "【用矩计算出来的第" << i << "个轮廓的面积为：】" << g_vMoments[i].m00 << endl;
		cout << "【用矩计算出来的第" << i << "个轮廓的面积为：】" << contourArea(contours[i])<< endl;
		cout << "【用矩计算出来的第" << i << "个轮廓的长度为：】" << arcLength(contours[i], true) << endl;
	}

	/**************************************************中心矩计算公式**************************************************/
	//利用计算得到的 矩 计算中心矩
	vector<Point2f> centerMoments(contours.size());
	vector<Rect> boundingrect(contours.size());
	vector<RotatedRect> minarearect(contours.size());
	for (int i = 0; i < (int)contours.size(); i++)
	{
		//1、计算出中心,也可获取更高阶矩
		centerMoments[i] = Point2f(float(g_vMoments[i].m10 / g_vMoments[i].m00), float(g_vMoments[i].m01 / g_vMoments[i].m00));
		//2、获得矩形包围框
		boundingrect[i] = boundingRect(contours[i]);
		//3、获取最小矩形框
		minarearect[i] = minAreaRect(contours[i]);
	}
	
	//将得到的中心矩显示出来
	for (int i = 0; i < (int)contours.size(); i++)
	{
		//参数中的 -1 表示填充
		circle(cannyImage, (Point)centerMoments[i], 2, Scalar(255), -1, 8);
		//绘制矩形
		rectangle(cannyImage, boundingrect[i], Scalar(255), 4);
		//提取旋转矩阵的四个点
		Point2f vertices[4];
		minarearect[i].points(vertices);
		line(cannyImage, (Point)vertices[0], (Point)vertices[1], Scalar(0));
		line(cannyImage, (Point)vertices[1], (Point)vertices[2], Scalar(0));
		line(cannyImage, (Point)vertices[2], (Point)vertices[3], Scalar(0));
		line(cannyImage, (Point)vertices[3], (Point)vertices[0], Scalar(0));
	}

	imshow("【处理后的图像】", cannyImage);

	waitKey(0);

	return 0;
}