面试题

用 C++写一个函数，交换两个整型变量

int a = 5, b = 10;
cout << "Before swapping: a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
swapVars<int>(a, b);
cout << "After swapping: a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;

double c = 1.23, d = 4.56;
cout << "Before swapping: c = " << c << ", d = " << d << endl;
swapVars<double>(c, d);
cout << "After swapping: c = " << c << ", d = " << d << endl;

用 c++语言，实现先进先出的队列

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// 定义队列节点结构体
struct Node {
   
    int val;  // 节点值
    Node* next;  // 指向下一个节点的指针

    // 构造函数
    Node(int val): val(val), next(nullptr) {
   }
};

// 定义链式队列
class Queue {
   
private:
    Node* head;  // 队首指针
    Node* tail;  // 队尾指针

public:
    // 构造函数
    Queue(): head(nullptr), tail(nullptr) {
   }

    // 判断队列是否为空
    bool isEmpty() {
   
        return (head == nullptr);
    }

    // 入队操作
    void enqueue(int val) {
   
        Node* node = new Node(val);
        if (isEmpty()) {
   
            head = node;
            tail = node;
        } else {
   
            tail->next = node;
            tail = node;
        }
    }

    // 出队操作
    int dequeue() {
   
        if (isEmpty()) {
   
            return -1;
        }
        int val = head->val;
        Node* temp = head;
        head = head->next;
        delete temp;
        return val;
    }

    // 获取队首元素
    int fro