[Q(√2,√3,√5) : Q]的一种计算方法

问题

  计算$\left[\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2},\sqrt[]{3},\sqrt[]{5}\right):\mathbb{Q}\right]$以及找出$\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2},\sqrt[]{3},\sqrt[]{5}\right)$在$\mathbb{Q}$上的一组基。

思路

  将域扩张$\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2},\sqrt[]{3},\sqrt[]{5}\right)/\mathbb{Q}$分解成一个扩域塔如下：
$$\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2},\sqrt[]{3},\sqrt[]{5}\right)/\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2},\sqrt[]{3}\right)/\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2}\right)/\mathbb{Q}$$
则有
$$\begin{array}{rl}& \left[\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2},\sqrt[]{3},\sqrt[]{5}\right):\mathbb{Q}\right]=\left[\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2},\sqrt[]{3},\sqrt[]{5}\right):\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2},\sqrt[]{3}\right)\right]\times \left[\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2},\sqrt[]{3}\right):\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2}\right)\right]\times \left[\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2}\right):\mathbb{Q}\right]\end{array}$$

1. 考察$\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2}\right)/\mathbb{Q}$。由于${\left(\sqrt[]{2}\right)}^2=2\in \mathbb{Q}$，所以$\forall q\in \mathbb{Q}\left[\sqrt[]{2}\right]$，$\exists a_1,a_2\in \mathbb{Q}$，使得
   $$q=a_1+a_2\sqrt[]{2}$$
   $\forall p\in \mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt[]{2}\right)=Frac\left(\mathbb{Q}\left[\sqrt[]{2}\right]\right),\exists q_1,q_2=a_1+a_2\sqrt[]{2},b_1+b_2\sqrt[]{2}\in \mathbb{Q}\left[\sqrt[]{2}\right],a_{1,2},b_{1,2}\in \mathbb{Q}$, $q_2\ne 0$，使得
   $$p=\frac{q_1}{q_2}=\frac{a_1+a_2\sqrt[]{2}}{b_1+b_2\sqrt[]{2}}$$
   { q 2 ≠ 0 ⇒ q 2 ‾ ≠ 0 ⇒ q 2 , q 2 ‾ ∈ Q ( 2 ) \ { 0 }   ( q 2 = q 2 1 ,   q 2 ‾ = q 2 ‾ 1 ) quotient field  Q ( 2 ) is a field ⇒ ( Q ( 2 ) \ { 0 } , × ) \left\{ \begin{aligned} & { {q}_{2}}\ne 0\Rightarrow \overline{ { {q}_{2}}}\ne 0\Rightarrow { {q}_{2}},\overline{ { {q}_{2}}}\in \mathbb{Q}\left( \sqrt[{}]{2} \right)\backslash \left\{ 0 \right\}\text{ }\left( { {q}_{2}}=\frac{ { {q}_{2}}}{1},\text{ }\overline{ { {q}_{2}}}=\frac{\overline{ { {q}_{2}}}}{1} \right) \\ & \text{quotient field }\mathbb{Q}\left( \sqrt[{}]{2} \right)\text{is a field}\Rightarrow \left( \mathbb{Q}\left( \sqrt[{}]{2} \right)\backslash \left\{ 0 \right\},\times \right) \\ \end{aligned} \right. ⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧​​q2​​=0⇒q2​​​=0⇒q2​,q2​​∈Q(2 ​)\{ 0} (q2​=1q2​​, q2​​=1q2​​​)quotient field Q(2 ​)is a field⇒(Q(2 ​)\{ 0},×)​
   ⇒ q 2 q 2 ‾ ∈ Q ( 2 ) \ { 0 } \Rightarrow { {q}_{2}}\overline{ { {q}_{2}}}\in \mathbb{Q}\left( \sqrt[{}]{2} \right)\backslash \left\{ 0 \right\} ⇒q2​q2​​∈Q(2 ​)\{ 0}，有$q_2\overline{q_2}={b_1}^2-2{b_2}^2\in \mathbb{Q}$且$q_2\overline{q_2}\ne 0$。
   在此基础上，有
   $$p=\frac{q_1}{q_2}=\frac{q_1\overline{q_2}}{q_2\overline{q_2}}=\frac{a_1{b}_1-2a_2}{q_2\overline{q_2}}$$