cv::calcHist()

函数作用

计算灰度图像的灰度分布直方图

函数原型

void calcHist( const Mat* images, int nimages,
               const int* channels, InputArray mask,
               OutputArray hist, int dims, const int* histSize,
               const float** ranges, bool uniform = true, bool accumulate = false );
// images：原图像
// nimages:原图像数量
// channels:channels List of the dims channels used to compute the histogram. The first array channels are numerated from 0 to images[0].channels()-1 , the second array channels are counted from images[0].channels() to images[0].channels() + images[1].channels()-1, and so on.
// mask :掩码，是一个大小和image一样的np数组，其中把需要处理的部分指定为1，不需要处理的部分指定为0，一般设置为None，表示处理整幅图像
// hist : 输出的灰度分布数组
// dims:hist的维度
// histSize:hist的大小
// ranges:hist的范围
// 是否归一化

使用实例

char INPUT_T[] = "input image";
	char OUTPUT_T[] = "histogram demo";
	namedWindow(INPUT_T, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	namedWindow(OUTPUT_T, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow(INPUT_T, src);
	// 分通道显示
	vector<Mat> bgr_planes;
	split(src, bgr_planes);
	// 计算直方图
	int histSize = 256;
	float range[] = { 0, 255 };
	const float *histRanges = { range };
	Mat b_hist, g_hist, r_hist;
	calcHist(&bgr_planes[0], 1, 0, Mat(), b_hist, 1, &histSize, &histRanges, true, false);
	calcHist(&bgr_planes[1], 1, 0, Mat(), g_hist, 1, &histSize, &histRanges, true, false);
	calcHist(&bgr_planes[2], 1, 0, Mat(), r_hist, 1, &histSize, &histRanges, true, false);
	// 归一化
	int hist_h = 400;
	int hist_w = 512;
	int bin_w = hist_w / histSize;
	Mat histImage(hist_w, hist_h, CV_8UC3, Scalar(0, 0, 0));
	normalize(b_hist, b_hist, 0, hist_h, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());
	normalize(g_hist, g_hist, 0, hist_h, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());
	normalize(r_hist, r_hist, 0, hist_h, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());
	// render histogram chart
	for (int i = 1; i < histSize; i++) {
		line(histImage, Point((i - 1)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at<float>(i - 1))),
			Point((i)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at<float>(i))), Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, LINE_AA);
		line(histImage, Point((i - 1)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(g_hist.at<float>(i - 1))),
			Point((i)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(g_hist.at<float>(i))), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, LINE_AA);
		line(histImage, Point((i - 1)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(r_hist.at<float>(i - 1))),
			Point((i)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(r_hist.at<float>(i))), Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, LINE_AA);
	}
	imshow(OUTPUT_T, histImage);
	waitKey(0);