文章目录
要求
1、根据以下描述功能用verilog编写一段代码,并用状态机来实现该功能。
(1)状态机:实现一个测试过程,该过程包括启动准备状态、启动测试、停止测试、查询测试结果、显示测试结果、测试结束返回初始化6个状态;用时间来控制该过程,90秒内完成该过程;
(2)描述状态跳转时间;
(3)编码实现。
2. 画出可以检测10010串的状态图, 并用verilog编程实现之。
一、第一题
1. 新建一个项目
2. 新建一个training_1的Verilog HDL文件
代码如下 一共六个状态,为了方便操作,每个状态保持15s。每个状态对应的led状态各不相同。led的状态值为当前状态值。
module training_1(
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
output reg [3:0]led
);
localparam [2:0] S1 = 1;
localparam [2:0] S2 = 2;
localparam [2:0] S3 = 3;
localparam [2:0] S4 = 4;
localparam [2:0] S5 = 5;
localparam [2:0] S6 = 6;
parameter [29:0] MAX_COUNT = 750_000_000;//15s
reg [29:0] count;
reg [2:0] current_state;
reg [2:0] next_state;
//15s 计时器 以及 状态转移
always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if(!rst_n) begin
current_state <= S1;
count <= 30'd1;
end
else if (count == MAX_COUNT) begin
count <= 30'd1;
end
else begin
count <= count + 30'd1;
current_state <= next_state;
end
end
// 状态判断
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if(!rst_n) begin
next_state <= S1;
end
else begin
case (current_state)
S1: begin
if(count == MAX_COUNT) begin
next_state <= S2;
end
else begin
next_state <= next_state;
end
end
S2: begin
if(count == MAX_COUNT) begin
next_state <= S3;
end
else begin
next_state <= next_state;
end
end
S3: begin
if(count == MAX_COUNT) begin
next_state <= S4;
end
else begin
next_state <= next_state;
end
end
S4: begin
if(count == MAX_COUNT) begin
next_state <= S5;
end
else begin
next_state <= next_state;
end
end
S5: begin
if(count == MAX_COUNT) begin
next_state <= S6;
end
else begin
next_state <= next_state;
end
end
S6: begin
if(count == MAX_COUNT) begin
next_state <= S1;
end
else begin
next_state <= next_state;
end
end
default: next_state <= S1;
endcase
end
end
//状态输出 根据当前状态点亮不同的灯
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
led <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
case(current_state)
S1: led <= 4'd1;
S2: led <= 4'd2;
S3: led <= 4'd3;
S4: led <= 4'd4;
S5: led <= 4'd5;
S6: led <= 4'd6;
default: led <= 4'd0;
endcase
end
end
endmodule
3. 新建training.v的Verilog HDL文件
作为顶层文件,对training_1的调用。考虑到15s太长,时间间隔缩小到1.5s方便观察。
代码如下
`timescale 1ns/1ns // 时间单位/时间精度
module training_tb;
parameter CYCLE = 20;
reg clk;
reg rst_n;
wire [3:0]led;
always #(CYCLE/2) clk = ~clk;
//初始化
initial begin
clk = 1'b1;
rst_n = 1'b0;
#CYCLE ;
rst_n = 1'b1;
#(CYCLE *75 * 6);
$stop;
end
//实例化led1
training_1#(.MAX_COUNT(75)) inst_training(
.clk (clk ),
.rst_n (rst_n ),
.led (led)
);
endmodule
endmodule
4. 新建training_tb.v的Verilog HDL文件
用于仿真,每个状态持续时间按比例缩小。代码如下
`timescale 1ns/1ns // 时间单位/时间精度
module training_tb;
parameter CYCLE = 20;
reg clk;
reg rst_n;
wire [3:0]led;
always #(CYCLE/2) clk = ~clk;
//初始化
initial begin
clk = 1'b1;
rst_n = 1'b0;
#CYCLE ;
rst_n = 1'b1;
#(CYCLE *75 * 6);
$stop;
end
//实例化
training_1#(.MAX_COUNT(75)) inst_training(
.clk (clk ),
.rst_n (rst_n ),
.led (led)
);
endmodule
endmodule
5. 新建Tcl_script1.tcl的 Tcl Script 脚本
用于绑定相关引脚
代码如下
package require ::quartus::project
set_location_assignment PIN_E1 -to clk
set_location_assignment PIN_M15 -to rst_n
set_location_assignment PIN_G15 -to led[0]
set_location_assignment PIN_F16 -to led[1]
set_location_assignment PIN_F15 -to led[2]
set_location_assignment PIN_D16 -to led[3]
6. 配置
点击 Assingment -> Device -> Device and Pin Option
把Programma 改为 regular后保存
点击 Assingment -> setting ->simulation -> Test Bench
把training_tb添加进去,然后保存
点击 Tools -> Tcl script
找到刚刚写好的tcl文件,点击run进行引脚的绑定
7.仿真图
可以看到led的值符合预期效果
二、 第二题
1. 新建一个training_2的Verilog HDL文件
s0:初始状态,检测输入。检测到1进入下一状态,否则一直处于当前状态。
s1:目前状态为1,检测输入。检测到0进入下一状态,检测到1回到S0,否则一直处于当前状态。
s2:目前状态为10,检测输入。检测到0进入下一状态,检测到1回到S0,否则一直处于当前状态。
s3:目前状态为100,检测输入。检测到1进入下一状态,检测到0回到S0,否则一直处于当前状态。
s4:目前状态为1001,检测输入。检测到0灯亮,并回到S0,否则一直处于当前状态。
代码如下
module training_2 (
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire [1:0]key,
output reg [3:0]led
);
localparam [2:0] S0 = 0;
localparam [2:0] S1 = 1;
localparam [2:0] S2 = 2;
localparam [2:0] S3 = 3;
localparam [2:0] S4 = 4;
localparam [2:0] S5 = 5;
reg [2:0] current_state;
reg flag ;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
current_state <= S0;
flag <= 0;
end
else begin
case(current_state)
S0: begin
if(key[1]) begin
current_state <= S1;
flag <= 0;
end
else if(key[0]) begin
current_state <= S0;
flag <= 0;
end
else begin
current_state <=current_state;
flag <= flag;
end
end
S1: begin
if(key[0]) begin
current_state <= S2;
flag <= 0;
end
else if(key[1]) begin
current_state <= S0;
flag <= 0;
end
else begin
current_state <=current_state;
flag <= flag;
end
end
S2: begin
if(key[0]) begin
current_state <= S3;
flag <= 0;
end
else if(key[1]) begin
current_state <= S0;
flag <= 0;
end
else begin
current_state <=current_state;
flag <= flag ;
end
end
S3: begin
if(key[1]) begin
current_state <= S4;
flag <= 0;
end
else if(key[0]) begin
current_state <= S0;
flag <= 0;
end
else begin
current_state <=current_state;
flag <= flag ;;
end
end
S4: begin
if(key[0]) begin
current_state <= S0;
flag <= 1;
end
else if(key[1]) begin
current_state <= S0;
flag <= 0;
end
else begin
current_state <=current_state;
flag <= flag;
end
end
default:begin
current_state <= S0;
flag <= 0;
end
endcase
end
end
//根据flag 决定灯是否亮
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if(!rst_n) begin
led <= 4'd0;
end
else if (flag) begin
led <= 4'b1111;
end
else if (!flag) begin
led <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
led <= led;
end
end
endmodule
2. 新建一个key_debounce的Verilog HDL文件
该模块用于按键消抖,代码如下
module key_debounce(
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire key,
output reg flag,// 0抖动, 1抖动结束
output reg key_value//key抖动结束后的值
);
reg [19:0] delay_cnt;//1_000_000
reg key_reg;//key上一次的值
//20ms计数器
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if(!rst_n) begin
key_reg <= 1;
delay_cnt <= 0;
end
else begin
key_reg <= key;
//当key为1 key 为0 表示按下抖动,开始计时
if(key_reg != key ) begin
delay_cnt <= 20'd1_000_000 ;
//仿真
// delay_cnt <= 20'd10 ;
end
else begin
if(delay_cnt > 0)
delay_cnt <= delay_cnt - 20'd1;
else
delay_cnt <= 0;
end
end
end
//当计时完成,获取key的值
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if(!rst_n) begin
flag <= 0;
key_value <= 1;
end
else begin
// 计时完成 处于稳定状态,进行赋值
if(delay_cnt == 1) begin
flag <= 1;
key_value <= key;
end
else begin
flag <= 0;
key_value <= key_value;
end
end
end
endmodule
3.修改training.v
把原来的training.v代码替换为如下代码
module training (
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire [1:0]key,
output wire [3:0]led
);
//training_1#(.MAX_COUNT (75_000_000)) instance_t1 (
//. clk (clk),
//. rst_n (rst_n),
//. led (led)
//);
wire [1:0] flag;
wire [1:0] key_value;
key_debounce inst_key_debounce_key1(
.clk (clk ),
.rst_n (rst_n ),
.key (key[0] ),
.flag (flag[0] ),
.key_value (key_value[0] )
);
key_debounce inst_key_debounce_key2(
.clk (clk ),
.rst_n (rst_n ),
.key (key[1] ),
.flag (flag[1] ),
.key_value (key_value[1] )
);
training_2 instance_t2(
. clk (clk),
. rst_n (rst_n),
. key ({key_value[0] && flag[0],key_value[1] && flag[1]}),
. led (led)
);
endmodule
4. 修改training_tb.v
仿真文件模拟按键状态
`timescale 1ns/1ns // 时间单位/时间精度
module training_tb;
parameter CYCLE = 20;
reg clk;
reg rst_n;
reg [1:0]key;
wire [3:0]led;
always #(CYCLE/2) clk = ~clk;
//初始化
initial begin
clk = 1'b1;
rst_n = 1'b0;
key =2'b00;
#CYCLE ;
rst_n = 1'b1;
//1
#CYCLE
key = 2'b10;
#CYCLE
key = 2'b00;
//0
#CYCLE
key = 2'b01;
#CYCLE
key = 2'b00;
//0
#CYCLE
key = 2'b01;
#CYCLE
key = 2'b00;
//1
#CYCLE
key = 2'b10;
#CYCLE
key = 2'b00;
//0
#CYCLE
key = 2'b01;
#CYCLE
key = 2'b00;
#100;
$stop;
end
实例化
//training_1#(.MAX_COUNT(75)) inst_training(
//.clk (clk ),
//.rst_n (rst_n ),
//
//.led (led)
//);
//实例化
training_2 inst_training(
.clk (clk ),
.rst_n (rst_n ),
.key (key ),
.led (led)
);
endmodule