python数据可视化（8）——绘制热力图

课程学习来源：b站up：【蚂蚁学python】
【课程链接：【【数据可视化】Python数据图表可视化入门到实战】】
【课程资料链接：【链接】】

python：3.12.3
所有库都使用最新版。
直接使用视频课程的代码可能无法正常运行显示出图片，本专栏的学习对代码进行了一定程度的补充以满足当前最新的环境。

Python绘制热力图查看两个分类变量之间的强度分布

热力图（heat map）

热力图（或者色块），由小色块组成的二维图表，其中：

• x、y轴可以是分类变量，对应的小方块由连续数值表示颜色强度
• 即，用两个分类字段确定数值的位置，用于展示数据的分布情况

import pandas as pd 
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.set() # 设置默认样式
sns.set_style("whitegrid", {"font.sans_serif":["simhei", "Arial"]}) # 白色单线格，且展示中文
sns.set(font="simhei")#遇到标签需要汉字的可以在绘图前加上这句

实例1：绘制北京景区热度图

df = pd.DataFrame(
    np.random.rand(4,7),
    index = ["天安门","故宫","森林公园","8达岭长城"],
    columns = ["Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat","Sun"]
)

df

	Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
天安门	0.879782	0.977070	0.039145	0.552947	0.167143	0.263271	0.037447
故宫	0.967603	0.419968	0.568461	0.419740	0.627485	0.999079	0.501211
森林公园	0.171358	0.071910	0.311129	0.832736	0.094337	0.043086	0.644590
8达岭长城	0.138646	0.836821	0.119627	0.613812	0.545048	0.171446	0.131791

plt.figure(figsize=(10,4))
sns.heatmap(df, annot=True, fmt=".4f", cmap = "coolwarm")

<Axes: >

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实例2：绘制泰坦尼克事件与存亡变量的关系

# 读取并合并泰坦尼克数据
df = pd.concat(# concat实现按行合并
    [
        pd.read_csv("../DATA_POOL/PY_DATA/ant-learn-visualization-master/datas/titanic/titanic_train.csv"),
        pd.read_csv("../DATA_POOL/PY_DATA/ant-learn-visualization-master/datas/titanic/titanic_test.csv")
    ]
)

df.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0.0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1.0	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1.0	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1.0	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0.0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S

df.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Index: 1309 entries, 0 to 417
Data columns (total 12 columns):
 #   Column       Non-Null Count  Dtype  
---  ------       --------------  -----  
 0   PassengerId  1309 non-null   int64  
 1   Survived     891 non-null    float64
 2   Pclass       1309 non-null   int64  
 3   Name         1309 non-null   object 
 4   Sex          1309 non-null   object 
 5   Age          1046 non-null   float64
 6   SibSp        1309 non-null   int64  
 7   Parch        1309 non-null   int64  
 8   Ticket       1309 non-null   object 
 9   Fare         1308 non-null   float64
 10  Cabin        295 non-null    object 
 11  Embarked     1307 non-null   object 
dtypes: float64(3), int64(4), object(5)
memory usage: 132.9+ KB

# pandas 把字符串类型的列，变成分类数字编码
for field in ["Sex", "Cabin", "Embarked"]:
    df[field] = df[field].astype("category").cat.codes

df.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Index: 1309 entries, 0 to 417
Data columns (total 12 columns):
 #   Column       Non-Null Count  Dtype  
---  ------       --------------  -----  
 0   PassengerId  1309 non-null   int64  
 1   Survived     891 non-null    float64
 2   Pclass       1309 non-null   int64  
 3   Name         1309 non-null   object 
 4   Sex          1309 non-null   int8   
 5   Age          1046 non-null   float64
 6   SibSp        1309 non-null   int64  
 7   Parch        1309 non-null   int64  
 8   Ticket       1309 non-null   object 
 9   Fare         1308 non-null   float64
 10  Cabin        1309 non-null   int16  
 11  Embarked     1309 non-null   int8   
dtypes: float64(3), int16(1), int64(4), int8(2), object(2)
memory usage: 107.4+ KB

df.head(3)

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0.0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	1	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	-1	2
1	2	1.0	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	0	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	106	0
2	3	1.0	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	0	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	-1	2

# 计算不同变量之间两两的相关系数
num_cols = df.select_dtypes(include=[np.number]).columns
# num_cols选中数字类型的数据列进行计算

df[num_cols].corr()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
PassengerId	1.000000	-0.005007	-0.038354	0.013406	0.028814	-0.055224	0.008942	0.031428	-0.012096	-0.048530
Survived	-0.005007	1.000000	-0.338481	-0.543351	-0.077221	-0.035322	0.081629	0.257307	0.277885	-0.176509
Pclass	-0.038354	-0.338481	1.000000	0.124617	-0.408106	0.060832	0.018322	-0.558629	-0.534483	0.192867
Sex	0.013406	-0.543351	0.124617	1.000000	0.063645	-0.109609	-0.213125	-0.185523	-0.126367	0.104818
Age	0.028814	-0.077221	-0.408106	0.063645	1.000000	-0.243699	-0.150917	0.178740	0.190984	-0.089292
SibSp	-0.055224	-0.035322	0.060832	-0.109609	-0.243699	1.000000	0.373587	0.160238	-0.005685	0.067802
Parch	0.008942	0.081629	0.018322	-0.213125	-0.150917	0.373587	1.000000	0.221539	0.029582	0.046957
Fare	0.031428	0.257307	-0.558629	-0.185523	0.178740	0.160238	0.221539	1.000000	0.340217	-0.241442
Cabin	-0.012096	0.277885	-0.534483	-0.126367	0.190984	-0.005685	0.029582	0.340217	1.000000	-0.126482
Embarked	-0.048530	-0.176509	0.192867	0.104818	-0.089292	0.067802	0.046957	-0.241442	-0.126482	1.000000

plt.figure(figsize = (12,6))
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'Arial' # 确保'-'号正常显示
sns.heatmap(df[num_cols].corr(), annot=True, fmt=".2f", cmap="coolwarm")

<Axes: >

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