矩阵复习
1.矩阵的运算规律
1.交换律:
A
+
B
=
B
+
A
A+B=B+A
A+B=B+A
2.结合律:
(
A
+
B
)
+
C
=
A
+
(
B
+
C
)
(A+B)+C=A+(B+C)
(A+B)+C=A+(B+C)
2.矩阵的转置
1.
(
A
T
)
T
(A^{T})^{T}
(AT)T=
A
A
A
2.
(
A
+
B
)
T
(A+B)^{T}
(A+B)T=
A
T
+
B
T
A^{T}+B^{T}
AT+BT
3.
(
λ
A
)
T
=
λ
A
T
(\lambda A)^{T}=\lambda A^{T}
(λA)T=λAT
4.
(
A
B
)
T
=
B
T
A
T
(AB)^{T}=B^{T}A^{T}
(AB)T=BTAT
拓展:
(
A
1
A
2
A
3
⋯
A
n
)
T
=
A
n
T
⋯
A
3
T
A
2
T
A
1
T
(A_{1}A_{2}A_{3}\cdots A_{n})^{T}=A_{n}^{T}\cdots A_{3}^{T}A_{2}^{T}A_{1}^{T}
(A1A2A3⋯An)T=AnT⋯A3TA2TA1T
3.矩阵的逆
1.
(
A
−
1
)
−
1
=
A
(A^{-1})^{-1}=A
(A−1)−1=A
2.
(
λ
A
−
1
)
=
1
λ
A
−
1
(\lambda A^{-1})=\frac{1}{\lambda }A^{-1}
(λA−1)=λ1A−1
3.
(
A
B
)
−
1
=
B
−
1
A
−
1
(AB)^{-1}=B^{-1}A^{-1}
(AB)−1=B−1A−1
4.
(
A
T
)
−
1
=
(
A
−
1
)
T
(A^{T})^{-1}=(A^{-1})^{T}
(AT)−1=(A−1)T
总结:
矩阵A可逆
⇔
\Leftrightarrow
⇔
∣
A
∣
≠
0
|A|\neq 0
∣A∣=0
矩阵A可逆
⇔
\Leftrightarrow
⇔
r
(
A
)
=
n
r(A)=n
r(A)=n
矩阵A可逆
⇔
\Leftrightarrow
⇔ 存在n阶矩阵B,使
A
B
=
E
AB=E
AB=E或
B
A
=
E
BA=E
BA=E
矩阵A可逆
⇔
\Leftrightarrow
⇔ A的行(列)向量组线性无关
矩阵A可逆
⇔
\Leftrightarrow
⇔ 齐次方程
A
x
=
0
Ax=0
Ax=0只有零解
矩阵A可逆
⇔
\Leftrightarrow
⇔ 非齐次方程组
A
x
=
b
Ax=b
Ax=b有唯一解
矩阵A可逆
⇔
\Leftrightarrow
⇔ 矩阵A无特征值
4.伴随矩阵的性质
1.
A
A
∗
=
A
∗
A
=
∣
A
∣
E
AA^{*}=A^{*}A=|A|E
AA∗=A∗A=∣A∣E
2.
(
A
B
)
∗
=
B
∗
A
∗
(AB)^{*}=B^{*}A^{*}
(AB)∗=B∗A∗
3.
A
−
1
=
1
∣
A
∣
A
∗
A^{-1}=\frac{1}{|A|}A^{*}
A−1=∣A∣1A∗
4.
(
A
∗
)
n
=
(
A
n
)
∗
(A^{*})^{n}=(A^{n})^{*}
(A∗)n=(An)∗
5.
(
A
∗
)
T
=
(
A
T
)
∗
(A^{*})^{T}=(A^{T})^{*}
(A∗)T=(AT)∗
6.
(
k
A
)
∗
=
k
n
−
1
A
∗
(kA)^{*}=k^{n-1}A^{*}
(kA)∗=kn−1A∗
7.
∣
A
∗
∣
=
∣
A
∣
n
−
1
|A^{*}|=|A|^{n-1}
∣A∗∣=∣A∣n−1
8.
(
A
∗
)
∗
=
∣
A
∣
n
−
2
A
(A^{*})^{*}=|A|^{n-2}A
(A∗)∗=∣A∣n−2A
5.矩阵的秩
1.
0
≤
R
(
A
m
∗
n
)
⩽
m
i
n
(
m
,
n
)
0\leq R(A_{m*n})\leqslant min(m,n)
0≤R(Am∗n)⩽min(m,n)
2.
R
(
A
T
)
=
R
(
A
)
R(A^{T})=R(A)
R(AT)=R(A)
3.若
A
∼
B
A\sim B
A∼B,则
R
(
A
)
=
R
(
B
)
R(A)=R(B)
R(A)=R(B)
4.
R
(
A
+
B
)
⩽
R
(
A
)
+
R
(
B
)
R(A+B)\leqslant R(A)+R(B)
R(A+B)⩽R(A)+R(B)
5.
R
(
A
B
)
≤
m
i
n
{
R
(
A
)
,
R
(
B
)
}
R(AB)\leq min\left \{ R(A),R(B) \right \}
R(AB)≤min{R(A),R(B)}
6.设A是
m
∗
n
m*n
m∗n矩阵,B是
n
∗
l
n*l
n∗l矩阵,若
A
B
=
O
AB=O
AB=O,则
R
(
A
)
+
R
(
B
)
≤
n
R(A)+R(B)\leq n
R(A)+R(B)≤n
7.
R
(
A
∗
)
=
{
n
,
R
(
A
)
=
n
1
,
R
(
A
)
=
n
−
1
0
,
R
(
A
)
<
n
−
1
R(A^{*})=\left\{\begin{matrix} n,R(A)=n & \\1,R(A)=n-1 & \\ 0,R(A)< n-1 & \end{matrix}\right.
R(A∗)=⎩
⎨
⎧n,R(A)=n1,R(A)=n−10,R(A)<n−1
以上就是我对线性代数的矩阵公式的部分总结,希望对读者有所帮助!