全网最详细的yolov8教学

目录

快速入门

通过命令行使用

训练（train）

验证（val）

预测（predict）

导出（export）

补充

跟踪

通过python直接运行

训练

预测

使用示例

训练模型

推理

跟踪

跟踪示例

绘制随时间变化的轨迹

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快速入门

官方安装文档： 快速入门 -Ultralytics YOLO 文档

推荐观看：https://blog.51cto.com/u_10006690/8874084

python推荐版本（3.8—3.12）

安装 ultralytics 软件包

pip install ultralytics

通过命令行使用

训练（train）

开始在 COCO8 上对YOLOv8n 进行 100 个历元训练，图像大小为 640

yolo detect train data=coco8.yaml model=yolov8n.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640

验证（val）

在 COCO8 数据集上验证训练有素的YOLOv8n 模型的准确性。无需传递参数，因为 model 保留其培训 data 和参数作为模型属性。

yolo detect val model=yolov8n.pt

预测（predict）

使用训练有素的YOLOv8n 模型对图像进行预测。

yolo detect predict model=yolov8n.pt source='https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg'

导出（export）

将YOLOv8n 模型导出为不同格式，如ONNX,CoreML 等。

yolo export model=yolov8n.pt format=onnx

补充

只要在命令行中将默认参数作为参数传递，就可以覆盖默认参数

yolo detect train data=coco8.yaml model=yolov8n.pt epochs=10 lr0=0.01

配置文件

yolo copy-cfg
yolo cfg=default_copy.yaml imgsz=320

跟踪

# Perform tracking with various models using the command line interface
yolo track model=yolov8n.pt source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4"  # Official Detect model
yolo track model=yolov8n-seg.pt source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4"  # Official Segment model
yolo track model=yolov8n-pose.pt source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4"  # Official Pose model
yolo track model=path/to/best.pt source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4"  # Custom trained model

# Track using ByteTrack tracker
yolo track model=path/to/best.pt tracker="bytetrack.yaml"

通过python直接运行

训练

训练模式用于在自定义数据集上训练YOLOv8 模型。在该模式下，模型使用指定的数据集和超参数进行训练。训练过程包括优化模型参数，使其能够准确预测图像中物体的类别和位置。

from ultralytics import YOLO

model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")  # pass any model type
results = model.train(epochs=5)

预测

预测模式用于使用训练有素的YOLOv8 模型对新图像或视频进行预测。在该模式下，模型从检查点文件加载，用户可以提供图像或视频来执行推理。模型会预测输入图像或视频中物体的类别和位置

import cv2
from PIL import Image

from ultralytics import YOLO

model = YOLO("model.pt")
# accepts all formats - image/dir/Path/URL/video/PIL/ndarray. 0 for webcam
results = model.predict(source="0")
results = model.predict(source="folder", show=True)  # Display preds. Accepts all YOLO predict arguments

# from PIL
im1 = Image.open("bus.jpg")
results = model.predict(source=im1, save=True)  # save plotted images

# from ndarray
im2 = cv2.imread("bus.jpg")
results = model.predict(source=im2, save=True, save_txt=True)  # save predictions as labels

# from list of PIL/ndarray
results = model.predict(source=[im1, im2])

使用示例

训练模型

在图像大小为 640 的 COCO8 数据集上对YOLOv8n 进行 100 次训练。可以使用 device 参数。如果没有传递参数，GPU device=0 将被使用，否则 device='cpu' 将被使用。有关训练参数的完整列表，请参阅下面的 "参数 "部分。

from ultralytics import YOLO

# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolov8n.yaml")  # build a new model from YAML
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")  # load a pretrained model (recommended for training)
model = YOLO("yolov8n.yaml").load("yolov8n.pt")  # build from YAML and transfer weights

# Train the model
results = model.train(data="coco8.yaml", epochs=100, imgsz=640)

恢复中断的训练

from ultralytics import YOLO

# Load a model
model = YOLO("path/to/last.pt")  # load a partially trained model

# Resume training
results = model.train(resume=True)

推理

from ultralytics import YOLO

# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")  # pretrained YOLOv8n model

# Run batched inference on a list of images
results = model(["im1.jpg", "im2.jpg"])  # return a list of Results objects

# Process results list
for result in results:
    boxes = result.boxes  # Boxes object for bounding box outputs
    masks = result.masks  # Masks object for segmentation masks outputs
    keypoints = result.keypoints  # Keypoints object for pose outputs
    probs = result.probs  # Probs object for classification outputs
    obb = result.obb  # Oriented boxes object for OBB outputs
    result.show()  # display to screen
    result.save(filename="result.jpg")  # save to disk

from ultralytics import YOLO

# Load a pretrained YOLOv8n model
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")

# Run inference on 'bus.jpg' with arguments
model.predict("bus.jpg", save=True, imgsz=320, conf=0.5)

跟踪

要在视频流中运行跟踪器，可使用训练有素的检测、分割或姿势模型，如YOLOv8n,YOLOv8n-seg 和YOLOv8n-pose。

from ultralytics import YOLO

# Load an official or custom model
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")  # Load an official Detect model
model = YOLO("yolov8n-seg.pt")  # Load an official Segment model
model = YOLO("yolov8n-pose.pt")  # Load an official Pose model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt")  # Load a custom trained model

# Perform tracking with the model
results = model.track("https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4", show=True)  # Tracking with default tracker
results = model.track("https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4", show=True, tracker="bytetrack.yaml")  # with ByteTrack

跟踪示例

持续轨迹循环

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO

# Load the YOLOv8 model
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")

# Open the video file
video_path = "path/to/video.mp4"
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(video_path)

# Loop through the video frames
while cap.isOpened():
    # Read a frame from the video
    success, frame = cap.read()

    if success:
        # Run YOLOv8 tracking on the frame, persisting tracks between frames
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True)

        # Visualize the results on the frame
        annotated_frame = results[0].plot()

        # Display the annotated frame
        cv2.imshow("YOLOv8 Tracking", annotated_frame)

        # Break the loop if 'q' is pressed
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        # Break the loop if the end of the video is reached
        break

# Release the video capture object and close the display window
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

绘制随时间变化的轨迹

from collections import defaultdict

import cv2
import numpy as np

from ultralytics import YOLO

# Load the YOLOv8 model
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")

# Open the video file
video_path = "path/to/video.mp4"
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(video_path)

# Store the track history
track_history = defaultdict(lambda: [])

# Loop through the video frames
while cap.isOpened():
    # Read a frame from the video
    success, frame = cap.read()

    if success:
        # Run YOLOv8 tracking on the frame, persisting tracks between frames
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True)

        # Get the boxes and track IDs
        boxes = results[0].boxes.xywh.cpu()
        track_ids = results[0].boxes.id.int().cpu().tolist()

        # Visualize the results on the frame
        annotated_frame = results[0].plot()

        # Plot the tracks
        for box, track_id in zip(boxes, track_ids):
            x, y, w, h = box
            track = track_history[track_id]
            track.append((float(x), float(y)))  # x, y center point
            if len(track) > 30:  # retain 90 tracks for 90 frames
                track.pop(0)

            # Draw the tracking lines
            points = np.hstack(track).astype(np.int32).reshape((-1, 1, 2))
            cv2.polylines(annotated_frame, [points], isClosed=False, color=(230, 230, 230), thickness=10)

        # Display the annotated frame
        cv2.imshow("YOLOv8 Tracking", annotated_frame)

        # Break the loop if 'q' is pressed
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        # Break the loop if the end of the video is reached
        break

# Release the video capture object and close the display window
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()